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REVIEW
Craig R G Willis, Marco Calvaruso, Debora Angeloni, Sarah Baatout, Alexandra Benchoua, Juergen Bereiter-Hahn, Daniele Bottai, Judith-Irina Buchheim, Eugénie Carnero-Diaz, Sara Castiglioni, Duccio Cavalieri, Gabriele Ceccarelli, Alexander Chouker, Francesca Cialdai, Gianni Ciofani, Giuseppe Coppola, Gabriella Cusella, Andrea Degl'Innocenti, Jean-Francois Desaphy, Jean-Pol Frippiat, Michael Gelinsky, Giada Genchi, Maria Grano, Daniela Grimm, Alain Guignandon, Raúl Herranz, Christine Hellweg, Carlo Saverio Iorio, Thodoris Karapantsios, Jack van Loon, Matteo Lulli, Jeanette Maier, Jos Malda, Emina Mamaca, Lucia Morbidelli, Andreas Osterman, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, Francesco Pampaloni, Elizabeth Pavezlorie, Veronica Pereda-Campos, Cyrille Przybyla, Petra Rettberg, Angela Maria Rizzo, Kate Robson-Brown, Leonardo Rossi, Giorgio Russo, Alessandra Salvetti, Chiara Risaliti, Daniela Santucci, Matthias Sperl, Kevin Tabury, Sara Tavella, Christiane Thielemann, Ronnie Willaert, Monica Monici, Nathaniel J Szewczyk
Periodically, the European Space Agency (ESA) updates scientific roadmaps in consultation with the scientific community. The ESA SciSpacE Science Community White Paper (SSCWP) 9, "Biology in Space and Analogue Environments", focusses in 5 main topic areas, aiming to address key community-identified knowledge gaps in Space Biology. Here we present one of the identified topic areas, which is also an unanswered question of life science research in Space: "How to Obtain an Integrated Picture of the Molecular Networks Involved in Adaptation to Microgravity in Different Biological Systems?" The manuscript reports the main gaps of knowledge which have been identified by the community in the above topic area as well as the approach the community indicates to address the gaps not yet bridged...
May 1, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#2
REVIEW
Konstantinos I Adamopoulos, Lauren M Sanders, Sylvain V Costes
One of the greatest challenges of humanity for deep space exploration is to fully understand how altered gravitational conditions affect human physiology. It is evident that the spaceflight environment causes multiple alterations to musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, immune and central nervous systems, to name a few known effects. To better characterize these biological effects, we compare gene expression datasets from microarray studies found in NASA GeneLab, part of the NASA Open Science Data Repository. In this review, we summarize these archived results for various tissues, emphasizing key genes which are highly reproducible in different mice or human experiments...
April 26, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#3
REVIEW
Syed Shozab Ahmed, Nandu Goswami, Adam Sirek, David Andrew Green, Andrew Winnard, Leonie Fiebig, Tobias Weber
A systematic review of literature was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of passive countermeasures in ameliorating the cardiopulmonary and musculoskeletal effects of gravitational unloading on humans during spaceflight. This systematic review is the third of a series being conducted by the European Space Agency to evaluate the effectiveness of countermeasures to physiologic deconditioning during spaceflight. With future long-duration space missions on the horizon, it is critical to understand the effectiveness of existing countermeasures to promote astronaut health and improve the probability of future mission success...
April 25, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#4
María-Ángeles Bonmatí-Carrión, Nayantara Santhi, Giuseppe Atzori, Jeewaka Mendis, Sylwia Kaduk, Derk-Jan Dijk, Simon N Archer
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 23, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Drayton W Munster, Beth E Lewandowski, Emily S Nelson, R K Prabhu, Jerry G Myers
A potential contribution to the progression of Spaceflight Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome is the thoracic-to-spinal dural sac transmural pressure relationship. In this study, we utilize a lumped-parameter computational model of human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) systems to investigate mechanisms of CSF redistribution. We present two analyses to illustrate potential mechanisms for CSF pressure alterations similar to those observed in microgravity conditions. Our numerical evidence suggests that the compliant relationship between thoracic and CSF compartments is insufficient to solely explain the observed decrease in CSF pressure with respect to the supine position...
April 10, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yan Zhang, Lei Zhao, Yeqing Sun
Transcriptome profiles are sensitive to space stressors and serve as valuable indicators of the biological effects during spaceflight. Herein, we transformed the expression profiles into gene interaction patterns by single-sample networks (SSNs) and performed the integrated analysis on the 301 spaceflight and 290 ground control samples, which were obtained from the GeneLab platform. Specifically, an individual SSN was established for each sample. Based on the topological structures of 591 SSNs, the differentially interacted genes (DIGs) were identified between spaceflights and ground controls...
April 4, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daphné Golaz, Chad K Papenfuhs, Paula Bellés-Sancho, Leo Eberl, Marcel Egli, Gabriella Pessi
Exploiting the symbiotic interaction between crops and nitrogen-fixing bacteria is a simple and ecological method to promote plant growth in prospective extraterrestrial human outposts. In this study, we performed an RNA-seq analysis to investigate the adaptation of the legume symbiont Paraburkholderia phymatum STM815T to simulated microgravity (s0-g) at the transcriptome level. The results revealed a drastic effect on gene expression, with roughly 23% of P. phymatum genes being differentially regulated in s0-g...
April 3, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#8
REVIEW
Luis Zea, Liz Warren, Tara Ruttley, Todd Mosher, Laura Kelsey, Erika Wagner
As the International Space Station comes to the end of a transformative era of in-space research, NASA's Commercial Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Destinations (CLD) Program aims to catalyze a new generation of platforms with co-investment from the private sector, preventing a potential gap in research performed in LEO, while building a robust LEO economy. In this paper, we provide insight into the CLD Program focusing on Orbital Reef, describing its operational and technical characteristics as well as new opportunities it may enable...
March 29, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
María-Ángeles Bonmatí-Carrión, Nayantara Santhi, Giuseppe Atzori, Jeewaka Mendis, Sylwia Kaduk, Derk-Jan Dijk, Simon N Archer
Twenty-four-hour rhythms in physiology and behaviour are shaped by circadian clocks, environmental rhythms, and feedback of behavioural rhythms onto physiology. In space, 24 h signals such as those associated with the light-dark cycle and changes in posture, are weaker, potentially reducing the robustness of rhythms. Head down tilt (HDT) bed rest is commonly used to simulate effects of microgravity but how HDT affects rhythms in physiology has not been extensively investigated. Here we report effects of -6° HDT during a 90-day protocol on 24 h rhythmicity in 20 men...
March 29, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marina M Scotti, Brandon K Wilson, Jodi L Bubenik, Fahong Yu, Maurice S Swanson, Josephine B Allen
The cardiovascular system is strongly impacted by the hazards of spaceflight. Astronauts spending steadily increasing lengths of time in microgravity are subject to cardiovascular deconditioning resulting in loss of vascular tone, reduced total blood volume, and diminished cardiac output. Appreciating the mechanisms by which the cells of the vasculature are altered during spaceflight will be integral to understanding and combating these deleterious effects as the human presence in space advances. In this study, we performed RNA-Seq analysis coupled with review by QIAGEN Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software on human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) cultured for 3 days in microgravity and aboard the International Space Station to assess the transcriptomic changes that occur during spaceflight...
March 28, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sharif Amit Kamran, Khondker Fariha Hossain, Joshua Ong, Nasif Zaman, Ethan Waisberg, Phani Paladugu, Andrew G Lee, Alireza Tavakkoli
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) is one of the largest physiologic barriers to spaceflight and requires evaluation and mitigation for future planetary missions. As the spaceflight environment is a clinically limited environment, the purpose of this research is to provide automated, early detection and prognosis of SANS with a machine learning model trained and validated on astronaut SANS optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. In this study, we present a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) incorporating an EfficientNet encoder for detecting SANS from OCT images titled "SANS-CNN...
March 28, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elisa Le Roux, Alexandre Zahariev, Isabelle Chery, Dale A Schoeller, Pierre Bourdier, Alain Maillet, Cecile Thevenot, Maël Garnotel, Guillemette Gauquelin-Koch, Laurie Van Den Berghe, Stéphane Blanc, Chantal Simon, Audrey Bergouignan
Bedrest shifts fasting and postprandial fuel selection towards carbohydrate use over lipids, potentially affecting astronauts' performance and health. We investigated whether this change occurs in astronauts after at least 3 months onboard the International Space Station (ISS). We further explored the associations with diet, physical activity (PA), and body composition. Before and during spaceflight, respiratory quotient (RQ), carbohydrate, and fat oxidation were measured by indirect calorimetry before and following a standardized meal in 11 males (age = 45...
March 27, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#13
Hyun Jung Kim, Matthew Julian, Calum Williams, David Bombara, Juejun Hu, Tian Gu, Kiumars Aryana, Godfrey Sauti, William Humphreys
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 26, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zheng Zhang, Yu Jing, Ang Zhang, JiShan Liu, Heming Yang, Xiaotong Lou, Liyan Xu, Min Liu, Yikun Zhang, Jianwen Gu
Exercise-induced mechanical loading can increase bone strength whilst mechanical unloading enhances bone-loss. Here, we investigated the role of lncRNA NONMMUT004552.2 in unloading-induced bone-loss. Knockout of lncRNA NONMMUT004552.2 in hindlimb-unloaded mice caused an increase in the bone formation and osteoblast activity. The silencing of lncRNA NONMMUT004552.2 also decreased the osteoblast apoptosis and expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, increased Bcl-2 protein expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that NONMMUT004552...
March 23, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dmitry Puzyrev, Torsten Trittel, Kirsten Harth, Ralf Stannarius
Granular gases are fascinating non-equilibrium systems with interesting features such as spontaneous clustering and non-Gaussian velocity distributions. Mixtures of different components represent a much more natural composition than monodisperse ensembles but attracted comparably little attention so far. We present the observation and characterization of a mixture of rod-like particles with different sizes and masses in a drop tower experiment. Kinetic energy decay rates during granular cooling and collision rates were determined and Haff's law for homogeneous granular cooling was confirmed...
March 22, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nadab H Wubshet, Grace Cai, Samuel J Chen, Molly Sullivan, Mark Reeves, David Mays, Morgan Harrison, Paul Varnado, Benjamin Yang, Esmeralda Arreguin-Martinez, Yunjia Qu, Shan-Shan Lin, Pamela Duran, Carlos Aguilar, Shelby Giza, Twyman Clements, Allen P Liu
Astronauts experience significant and rapid bone loss as a result of an extended stay in space, making the International Space Station (ISS) the perfect laboratory for studying osteoporosis due to the accelerated nature of bone loss on the ISS. This prompts the question, how does the lack of load due to zero-gravity propagate to bone-forming cells, human fetal osteoblasts (hFOBs), altering their maturation to mineralization? Here, we aim to study the mechanotransduction mechanisms by which bone loss occurs in microgravity...
March 21, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#17
REVIEW
Jessica Ward, Robert J Reynolds, Erin Connell, Wilma Anton, Avalon Kabeel, Jacqueline M Charvat, Nicholas Nartey, Kristina Marotta, Ahmed Abukmail, Dan M Buckland, Mary Van Baalen, Erik Antonsen
NASA uses a continuous risk management process to seek out new knowledge of spaceflight-induced risk to human health and performance. The evidence base that informs the risk assessments in this domain is constantly changing as more information is gleaned from a continuous human presence in space and from ongoing research. However, the limitations of this evidence are difficult to characterize because fewer than 700 humans have ever flown in space, and information comes from a variety of sources that span disciplines, including engineering, medicine, food and nutrition, and many other life sciences...
March 20, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#18
REVIEW
Alessia Simonini, Michael Dreyer, Annafederica Urbano, Francesco Sanfedino, Takehiro Himeno, Philipp Behruzi, Marc Avila, Jorge Pinho, Laura Peveroni, Jean-Baptiste Gouriet
This paper presents open challenges and perspectives of propellant management for crewed deep space exploration. The most promising propellants are liquid hydrogen and liquid methane, together with liquid oxygen as an oxidizer. These fluids remain liquid only at cryogenic conditions, that is, at temperatures lower than 120 K. To extend the duration of space exploration missions, or even to enable them, the storage and refueling from a cryogenic on-orbit depot is necessary. We review reference missions, architectures, and technology demonstrators and explain the main operations that are considered as enablers for cryogenic storage and transfer...
March 20, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#19
REVIEW
Erik Antonsen, Robert J Reynolds, Jacqueline Charvat, Erin Connell, Avalon Monti, Devan Petersen, Nicholas Nartey, Wilma Anton, Ahmed Abukmail, Kristina Marotta, Mary Van Baalen, Daniel M Buckland
For over a decade, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has tracked and configuration-managed approximately 30 risks that affect astronaut health and performance before, during and after spaceflight. The Human System Risk Board (HSRB) at NASA Johnson Space Center is responsible for setting the official risk posture for each of the human system risks and determining-based on evaluation of the available evidence-when that risk posture changes. The ultimate purpose of tracking and researching these risks is to find ways to reduce spaceflight-induced risk to astronauts...
March 19, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alla Yemets, Ruslana Shadrina, Rostyslav Blume, Svitlana Plokhovska, Yaroslav Blume
Autophagy plays an important role in plant growth and development, pathogen invasion and modulates plant response and adaptation to various abiotic stress stimuli. The biogenesis and trafficking of autophagosomes involve microtubules (MTs) as important actors in the autophagic process. However, initiation of autophagy in plants under microgravity has not been previously studied. Here we demonstrate how simulated microgravity induces autophagy development involving microtubular reorganization during period of autophagosome formation...
March 18, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
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