journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531876/author-correction-versatile-spaceborne-photonics-with-chalcogenide-phase-change-materials
#1
Hyun Jung Kim, Matthew Julian, Calum Williams, David Bombara, Juejun Hu, Tian Gu, Kiumars Aryana, Godfrey Sauti, William Humphreys
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 26, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521778/long-non-coding-rna-nonmmmut004552-2-regulates-the-unloading-induced-bone-loss-through-the-mirna-15b-5p-syne1-in-mice
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zheng Zhang, Yu Jing, Ang Zhang, JiShan Liu, Heming Yang, Xiaotong Lou, Liyan Xu, Min Liu, Yikun Zhang, Jianwen Gu
Exercise-induced mechanical loading can increase bone strength whilst mechanical unloading enhances bone-loss. Here, we investigated the role of lncRNA NONMMUT004552.2 in unloading-induced bone-loss. Knockout of lncRNA NONMMUT004552.2 in hindlimb-unloaded mice caused an increase in the bone formation and osteoblast activity. The silencing of lncRNA NONMMUT004552.2 also decreased the osteoblast apoptosis and expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, increased Bcl-2 protein expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that NONMMUT004552...
March 23, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519479/cooling-of-a-granular-gas-mixture-in-microgravity
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dmitry Puzyrev, Torsten Trittel, Kirsten Harth, Ralf Stannarius
Granular gases are fascinating non-equilibrium systems with interesting features such as spontaneous clustering and non-Gaussian velocity distributions. Mixtures of different components represent a much more natural composition than monodisperse ensembles but attracted comparably little attention so far. We present the observation and characterization of a mixture of rod-like particles with different sizes and masses in a drop tower experiment. Kinetic energy decay rates during granular cooling and collision rates were determined and Haff's law for homogeneous granular cooling was confirmed...
March 22, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514677/cellular-mechanotransduction-of-human-osteoblasts-in-microgravity
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nadab H Wubshet, Grace Cai, Samuel J Chen, Molly Sullivan, Mark Reeves, David Mays, Morgan Harrison, Paul Varnado, Benjamin Yang, Esmeralda Arreguin-Martinez, Yunjia Qu, Shan-Shan Lin, Pamela Duran, Carlos Aguilar, Shelby Giza, Twyman Clements, Allen P Liu
Astronauts experience significant and rapid bone loss as a result of an extended stay in space, making the International Space Station (ISS) the perfect laboratory for studying osteoporosis due to the accelerated nature of bone loss on the ISS. This prompts the question, how does the lack of load due to zero-gravity propagate to bone-forming cells, human fetal osteoblasts (hFOBs), altering their maturation to mineralization? Here, we aim to study the mechanotransduction mechanisms by which bone loss occurs in microgravity...
March 21, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509136/levels-of-evidence-for-human-system-risk-evaluation
#5
REVIEW
Jessica Ward, Robert J Reynolds, Erin Connell, Wilma Anton, Avalon Kabeel, Jacqueline M Charvat, Nicholas Nartey, Kristina Marotta, Ahmed Abukmail, Dan M Buckland, Mary Van Baalen, Erik Antonsen
NASA uses a continuous risk management process to seek out new knowledge of spaceflight-induced risk to human health and performance. The evidence base that informs the risk assessments in this domain is constantly changing as more information is gleaned from a continuous human presence in space and from ongoing research. However, the limitations of this evidence are difficult to characterize because fewer than 700 humans have ever flown in space, and information comes from a variety of sources that span disciplines, including engineering, medicine, food and nutrition, and many other life sciences...
March 20, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38509131/cryogenic-propellant-management-in-space-open-challenges-and-perspectives
#6
REVIEW
Alessia Simonini, Michael Dreyer, Annafederica Urbano, Francesco Sanfedino, Takehiro Himeno, Philipp Behruzi, Marc Avila, Jorge Pinho, Laura Peveroni, Jean-Baptiste Gouriet
This paper presents open challenges and perspectives of propellant management for crewed deep space exploration. The most promising propellants are liquid hydrogen and liquid methane, together with liquid oxygen as an oxidizer. These fluids remain liquid only at cryogenic conditions, that is, at temperatures lower than 120 K. To extend the duration of space exploration missions, or even to enable them, the storage and refueling from a cryogenic on-orbit depot is necessary. We review reference missions, architectures, and technology demonstrators and explain the main operations that are considered as enablers for cryogenic storage and transfer...
March 20, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38503732/causal-diagramming-for-assessing-human-system-risk-in-spaceflight
#7
REVIEW
Erik Antonsen, Robert J Reynolds, Jacqueline Charvat, Erin Connell, Avalon Monti, Devan Petersen, Nicholas Nartey, Wilma Anton, Ahmed Abukmail, Kristina Marotta, Mary Van Baalen, Daniel M Buckland
For over a decade, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has tracked and configuration-managed approximately 30 risks that affect astronaut health and performance before, during and after spaceflight. The Human System Risk Board (HSRB) at NASA Johnson Space Center is responsible for setting the official risk posture for each of the human system risks and determining-based on evaluation of the available evidence-when that risk posture changes. The ultimate purpose of tracking and researching these risks is to find ways to reduce spaceflight-induced risk to astronauts...
March 19, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38499552/autophagy-formation-microtubule-disorientation-and-alteration-of-atg8-and-tubulin-gene-expression-under-simulated-microgravity-in-arabidopsis-thaliana
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alla Yemets, Ruslana Shadrina, Rostyslav Blume, Svitlana Plokhovska, Yaroslav Blume
Autophagy plays an important role in plant growth and development, pathogen invasion and modulates plant response and adaptation to various abiotic stress stimuli. The biogenesis and trafficking of autophagosomes involve microtubules (MTs) as important actors in the autophagic process. However, initiation of autophagy in plants under microgravity has not been previously studied. Here we demonstrate how simulated microgravity induces autophagy development involving microtubular reorganization during period of autophagosome formation...
March 18, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491014/enhanced-assembly-of-bacteriophage-t7-produced-in-cell-free-reactions-under-simulated-microgravity
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
François-Xavier Lehr, Bruno Pavletić, Timo Glatter, Thomas Heimerl, Ralf Moeller, Henrike Niederholtmeyer
On-demand biomanufacturing has the potential to improve healthcare and self-sufficiency during space missions. Cell-free transcription and translation reactions combined with DNA blueprints can produce promising therapeutics like bacteriophages and virus-like particles. However, how space conditions affect the synthesis and self-assembly of such complex multi-protein structures is unknown. Here, we characterize the cell-free production of infectious bacteriophage T7 virions under simulated microgravity. Rotation in a 2D-clinostat increased the number of infectious particles compared to static controls...
March 15, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486087/future-opportunities-in-solar-system-plasma-science-through-esa-s-exploration-programme
#10
REVIEW
Mats Holmstrom, Mark Lester, Beatriz Sanchez-Cano
The solar wind interacts with all solar system bodies, inducing different types of dynamics depending on their atmospheric and magnetic environments. We here outline some key open scientific questions related to this interaction, with a focus on the Moon and Mars, that may be addressed by future Mars and Moon missions by the European Space Agency's Human and Robotic Exploration programme. We describe possible studies of plasma interactions with bodies with and without an atmosphere, using multi-point and remote measurements, and energetic particle observations, as well as recommend some actions to take...
March 14, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38480736/the-effects-of-long-term-exposure-to-microgravity-and-body-orientation-relative-to-gravity-on-perceived-traveled-distance
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Björn Jörges, Nils Bury, Meaghan McManus, Ambika Bansal, Robert S Allison, Michael Jenkin, Laurence R Harris
Self-motion perception is a multi-sensory process that involves visual, vestibular, and other cues. When perception of self-motion is induced using only visual motion, vestibular cues indicate that the body remains stationary, which may bias an observer's perception. When lowering the precision of the vestibular cue by for example, lying down or by adapting to microgravity, these biases may decrease, accompanied by a decrease in precision. To test this hypothesis, we used a move-to-target task in virtual reality...
March 13, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472244/daily-artificial-gravity-partially-mitigates-vestibular-processing-changes-associated-with-head-down-tilt-bedrest
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G D Tays, K E Hupfeld, H R McGregor, N E Beltran, Y E De Dios, E Mulder, J J Bloomberg, A P Mulavara, S J Wood, R D Seidler
Microgravity alters vestibular signaling and reduces body loading, driving sensory reweighting. The unloading effects can be modelled using head-down tilt bedrest (HDT). Artificial gravity (AG) has been hypothesized to serve as an integrated countermeasure for the declines associated with HDT and spaceflight. Here, we examined the efficacy of 30 min of daily AG to counteract brain and behavior changes from 60 days of HDT. Two groups received 30 min of AG delivered via short-arm centrifuge daily (n = 8 per condition), either in one continuous bout, or in 6 bouts of 5 min...
March 12, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38448495/microgravity-effects-on-nonequilibrium-melt-processing-of-neodymium-titanate-thermophysical-properties-atomic-structure-glass-formation-and-crystallization
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephen K Wilke, Abdulrahman Al-Rubkhi, Chihiro Koyama, Takehiko Ishikawa, Hirohisa Oda, Brian Topper, Elizabeth M Tsekrekas, Doris Möncke, Oliver L G Alderman, Vrishank Menon, Jared Rafferty, Emma Clark, Alan L Kastengren, Chris J Benmore, Jan Ilavsky, Jörg Neuefeind, Shinji Kohara, Michael SanSoucie, Brandon Phillips, Richard Weber
The relationships between materials processing and structure can vary between terrestrial and reduced gravity environments. As one case study, we compare the nonequilibrium melt processing of a rare-earth titanate, nominally 83TiO2 -17Nd2 O3 , and the structure of its glassy and crystalline products. Density and thermal expansion for the liquid, supercooled liquid, and glass are measured over 300-1850 °C using the Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF) in microgravity, and two replicate density measurements were reproducible to within 0...
March 6, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438462/acute-and-short-term-fluctuations-in-gravity-are-associated-with-changes-in-circulatory-plasma-protein-levels
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander Lang, Stephan Binneboessel, Fabian Nienhaus, Raphael Romano Bruno, Georg Wolff, Kerstin Piayda, Susanne Pfeiler, Hakima Ezzahoini, Daniel Oehler, Malte Kelm, Holger Winkels, Norbert Gerdes, Christian Jung
Gravitational changes between micro- and hypergravity cause several adaptations and alterations in the human body. Besides muscular atrophy and immune system impairment, effects on the circulatory system have been described, which can be associated with a wide range of blood biomarker changes. This study examined nine individuals (seven males, two females) during a parabolic flight campaign (PFC). Thirty-one parabolas were performed in one flight day, resulting in ~22 s of microgravity during each parabola...
March 4, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38429289/dynamic-changes-in-perivascular-space-morphology-predict-signs-of-spaceflight-associated-neuro-ocular-syndrome-in-bed-rest
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sutton B Richmond, Rachael D Seidler, Jeffrey J Iliff, Daniel L Schwartz, Madison Luther, Lisa C Silbert, Scott J Wood, Jacob J Bloomberg, Edwin Mulder, Jessica K Lee, Alberto De Luca, Juan Piantino
During long-duration spaceflight, astronauts experience headward fluid shifts and expansion of the cerebral perivascular spaces (PVS). A major limitation to our understanding of the changes in brain structure and physiology induced by spaceflight stems from the logistical difficulties of studying astronauts. The current study aimed to determine whether PVS changes also occur on Earth with the spaceflight analog head-down tilt bed rest (HDBR). We examined how the number and morphology of magnetic resonance imaging-visible PVS (MV-PVS) are affected by HDBR with and without elevated carbon dioxide (CO2 )...
March 1, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38418508/a-perspective-on-the-evidence-for-glymphatic-obstruction-in-spaceflight-associated-neuro-ocular-syndrome-and-fatigue
#16
REVIEW
Grant Alexander Bateman, Alexander Robert Bateman
Spaceflight associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS) alters the vision of astronauts during long-duration spaceflights. Previously, the current authors have discussed the similarities and differences between SANS and idiopathic intracranial hypertension to try to elucidate a possible pathophysiology. Recently, a theory has been advanced that SANS may occur secondary to failure of the glymphatic system caused by venous dilatation within the brain and optic nerves. There is recent evidence to suggest glymphatic obstruction occurs in childhood hydrocephalus, multiple sclerosis and syringomyelia due to venous outflow dilatation similar to that proposed in SANS...
February 28, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38413627/linking-cerebral-hemodynamics-and-ocular-microgravity-induced-alterations-through-an-in-silico-in-vivo-head-down-tilt-framework
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matteo Fois, Ana Diaz-Artiles, Syeda Yasmin Zaman, Luca Ridolfi, Stefania Scarsoglio
Head-down tilt (HDT) has been widely proposed as a terrestrial analog of microgravity and used also to investigate the occurrence of spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome (SANS), which is currently considered one of the major health risks for human spaceflight. We propose here an in vivo validated numerical framework to simulate the acute ocular-cerebrovascular response to 6° HDT, to explore the etiology and pathophysiology of SANS. The model links cerebral and ocular posture-induced hemodynamics, simulating the response of the main cerebrovascular mechanisms, as well as the relationship between intracranial and intraocular pressure to HDT...
February 27, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38383574/effects-of-total-sleep-deprivation-on-performance-in-a-manual-spacecraft-docking-task
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah Piechowski, Lennard J Kalkoffen, Sibylle Benderoth, Oliver T Wolf, Jörn Rittweger, Daniel Aeschbach, Christian Mühl
Sleep deprivation and circadian rhythm disruptions are highly prevalent in shift workers, and also among astronauts. Resulting sleepiness can reduce cognitive performance, lead to catastrophic occupational events, and jeopardize space missions. We investigated whether 24 hours of total sleep deprivation would affect performance not only in the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), but also in a complex operational task, i.e. simulated manual spacecraft docking. Sixty-two healthy participants completed the manual docking simulation 6df and the PVT once after a night of total sleep deprivation and once after eight hours of scheduled sleep in a counterbalanced order...
February 21, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378811/versatile-spaceborne-photonics-with-chalcogenide-phase-change-materials
#19
REVIEW
Hyun Jung Kim, Matthew Julian, Calum Williams, David Bombara, Juejun Hu, Tian Gu, Kiumars Aryana, Godfrey Sauti, William Humphreys
Recent growth in space systems has seen increasing capabilities packed into smaller and lighter Earth observation and deep space mission spacecraft. Phase-change materials (PCMs) are nonvolatile, reconfigurable, fast-switching, and have recently shown a high degree of space radiation tolerance, thereby making them an attractive materials platform for spaceborne photonics applications. They promise robust, lightweight, and energy-efficient reconfigurable optical systems whose functions can be dynamically defined on-demand and on-orbit to deliver enhanced science or mission support in harsh environments on lean power budgets...
February 20, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38374099/flight-test-results-for-microgravity-active-vibration-isolation-system-on-board-chinese-space-station
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei Liu, Yang Gao, Long Zhang, Tianji Zou, Mengxi Yu, Tuo Zheng
The Fluid Physics Research Rack (FPR) is a research platform employed on-board the Chinese Space Station for conducting microgravity fluid physics experiments. The research platform includes the Microgravity Active Vibration Isolation System (MAVIS) for isolating the FPR from disturbances arising from the space station itself. The MAVIS is a structural platform consisting of a stator and floater that are monitored and controlled with non-contact electromagnetic actuators, high-precision accelerometers, and displacement transducers...
February 19, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
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