Frontiers in Pediatrics

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of stunting among Indonesian children aged 5-12 years decreased from 30.7% in 2013 to 23.6% in 2018 but has remained among the highest rates worldwide. Furthermore, Indonesian children were shorter than the standard reported by the World Health Organization and experienced obesity. The Indonesian government has created many programs to reduce stunting in children under the age of 5 years. An early preventive strategy is necessary because stunting can manifest within the initial 1,000 days of life, including during pregnancy...

OBJECTIVE: Elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) is a commonly used method for treating diaphyseal fractures of the tibia, but its application in Distal Tibial Diaphyseal Metaphyseal Junction (DTDMJ) fractures has been a subject of controversy. This study aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the Elastic stable intramedullary nail-Kirschner wire (E-K) technique in treating pediatric DTDMJ fractures, providing better clinical decision-making for clinicians in diagnosing and treating such fractures...

INTRODUCTION: Recent evidence indicates that respiratory distress (RD) in near-term infants is caused by elevated airway liquid (EL) volume at the beginning of air-breathing after birth. While the adverse effects EL volumes on newborn lung function are known, the effects on respiratory control and breathing patterns shortly after birth (<4 h) are unknown. We investigated the effects of EL volumes on cardiorespiratory function and breathing patterns in spontaneously breathing near-term newborn lambs in the first hours after birth...

Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is a curative treatment for multiple malignant and non-malignant disorders. While morbidity and mortality have decreased significantly over the years, some patients still require management in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) during their HCT course for additional respiratory, cardiovascular, and/or renal support. We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients (0-18 years) who underwent HCT from January 2015-December 2020 at our institution to determine risk factors for PICU care and evaluate PICU utilization and outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: In neonatology, the accurate determination of vital parameters plays a pivotal role in monitoring critically ill newborns and premature infants, as well as aiding in disease diagnosis. In response to the limitations associated with contact-based measurement methods, substantial efforts have been directed toward developing contactless measurement techniques, particularly over the past decade. METHODS: Building upon the insights gained from our pilot study, we realized a new investigation to assess the precision of our imaging photoplethysmography-based system within a clinical environment of the neonatal intermediate care unit...

INTRODUCTION: Meconium ileus (MI) is a life-threatening obstruction of the intestines affecting ∼15% of newborns with cystic fibrosis (CF). Current medical treatments for MI often fail, requiring surgical intervention. MI typically occurs in newborns with pancreatic insufficiency from CF. Meconium contains mucin glycoprotein, a potential substrate for pancreatic enzymes or mucolytics. Our study aim was to determine whether pancreatic enzymes in combination with mucolytic treatments dissolve obstructive meconium using the CF pig model...

PURPOSE: To ascertain the quantity of instances by which a single surgeon achieves competency and proficiency in using tubularized incised plate (TIP) technique for the repair of distal and mid-shaft hypospadias using the cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated patients with distal and mid-shaft hypospadias who were treated by a single surgeon between 2015 and 2021, using a single primary TIP technique with a de-epithelialized Byars flap...

BACKGROUND: The treatment of preterm and low birth weight (LBW) neonates born with congenital heart disease (CHD) requiring early cardiac intervention remains challenging. We aimed to analyze morbidity and mortality in this combined high-risk patient group. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted of preterm [<37 weeks gestational age (GA)] and/or LBW neonates (<2,500 g) born with a diagnosis of CHD, which requires invasive cardiac intervention (surgery or catheter) within their first year of life...

BACKGROUND: The ingestion of jujube pits by children is a rare cause of perianal infection.This article aimed to report two cases of perianal infection in children resulting from the ingestion of jujube pits. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of perianal infection caused by jujube pits at our hospital. Details of the patients' presentation, imaging studies, complications and treatment were recorded. RESULTS: Both pediatric patients presented with perianal swelling and pain...

The predominant use of intravenous catheters as primary access type in the pediatric hemodialysis population is associated with an increased risk of catheter related blood stream infections. While strict adherence to catheter placement and long-term care guidelines have helped to decrease the incidence of these infections, blood stream infections remain an infection burden in pediatric patients with long term hemodialysis catheters. The formation of biofilms on the surfaces of these catheters has been shown to be a source of microbes causing blood stream infections...

BACKGROUND: Ustekinumab (UST) is approved as an effective therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) in adults. Off-label use is increasing in the pediatric population, more data on safety and efficacy in pediatric patients with CD is urgently needed. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of UST in children and adolescents with Crohn's disease. METHODS: This multicenter retrospective study carried out at three tertiary care centers, and identified children who received their first dose of UST at 18 years old or younger and followed up for a minimum of 24 weeks...

BACKGROUND: The management of femoral fractures in children aged two to six years is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the results of closed reduction and elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) fixation in completely displaced fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children in this age group. METHODS: A retrospective review of all children with acute completely displaced fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children aged 2-6 years treated from 2013 to 2020 was performed...

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that differential diagnosis of bacterial or viral pneumonia and tuberculosis (TB) in infants and young children is complex. This could be due to the difficulty in microbiological confirmation in this age group. In this study, we aimed to assess the utility of a real-time multiplex PCR for diagnosis of respiratory pathogens in children with pulmonary TB. METHODS: A total of 185 respiratory samples [bronchoalveolar lavage (15), gastric aspirates (98), induced sputum (21), and sputum (51)] from children aged 3-12 years, attending tertiary care hospitals, Chennai, India, were included in the study...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether ICU temperature management strategy is associated with fever in children with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study at a quaternary Children's hospital between 1/1/2016-31/12/2020. Mechanically ventilated children (<18 y/o) admitted to Pediatric or Cardiac ICU (PICU/CICU) with ROSC after OHCA who survived at least 72 h were included...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

New technologies in genetic diagnostics have revolutionized the understanding and management of rare diseases. This review highlights the significant advances and latest developments in genetic diagnostics in inborn errors of immunity (IEI), which encompass a diverse group of disorders characterized by defects in the immune system, leading to increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmunity, autoinflammatory diseases, allergies, and malignancies. Various diagnostic approaches, including targeted gene sequencing panels, whole exome sequencing, whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, or proteomics, have enabled the identification of causative genetic variants of rare diseases...

INTRODUCTION: Infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk for developmental differences which can be explained by the cumulative effect of medical complications along with sequelae related to the hospital and environmental challenges. The intervention of individualized developmental care (IDC) minimizes the mismatch between the fragile newborn brain's expectations and the experiences of stress and pain inherent in the intensive care unit (ICU) environment. METHODS: A multidisciplinary group of experts was assembled to implement quality improvement (QI) to increase the amount of IDC provided, using the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP), to newborn infants in the cardiac ICU...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of robot-assisted single-port-plus-one pyeloplasty (RSPY) and laparoscopic single-port pyeloplasty (LSPY) in the treatment of children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). METHODS: The clinical data of 47 children who underwent surgery for UPJO at the Department of the Pediatric Surgery of the Fujian Provincial Hospital from October 2020 to September 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Of these 47 children, 27 received RSPY while 20 underwent LSPY...