Frontiers in Pediatrics

Understanding tooth-size discrepancy is essential in the process of diagnosis of maxillary and mandibular relationship. Due to the high incidence of tooth-size disproportion, Practitioners should consider the high incidence of tooth-size disproportion when planning treatment for their patients, as in many cases, this can be a hindrance to obtaining an ideal result. This study aimed to determine the anterior and overall tooth ratios in the Saudi population and compare them with Bolton's standards. A total of 356 patients were recruited...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.972032.].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between Kallikrein-related peptidase-4 (KLK4) rs2235091 polymorphism and susceptibility to dental caries (DC) by a method of systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: Four English databases were searched for studies on the correlation between KLK4 rs2235091 polymorphism and susceptibility to DC from inception to April 1, 2023. Data analysis was processed by Stata 15.0 software. RESULTS: Four articles were eligible, including 848 individuals with caries and 463 controls...

BACKGROUND: The GNAO1 gene encodes the α-subunit (Gαo) of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein). The aim of this study was to explore the clinical characteristics of patients with GNAO1 pathogenic variations. METHODS: Ten patients with pathogenic variations in GNAO1 were enrolled from the Shenzhen Children's Hospital. Clinical data from several cases previously reported from China were also included and analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients with variations in GNAO1 were analyzed (10 patients from Shenzhen Children's Hospital, 17 patients from previously published studies) including 12 boys and 15 girls...

BACKGROUND: Experiencing Failure to Thrive or malnutrition in early years has been associated with children later displaying low Intelligence Quotient (IQ). The current study's aim was to examine whether Failure to Thrive in Toddlers with Lack of Interest in Eating and Food, a subtype of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder as defined by DSM-5, which has also previously been identified as Infantile Anorexia (IA), was associated with poor cognitive development outcomes during later childhood...

BACKGROUND: Orthostatic intolerance (OI) is usually mediated by the autonomic nerve and most often happens in the upright position. However, it can also occur in other positions and can be relieved by lying down while likely to have another attack after relief. In the current study, we aim to evaluate the predictive effect of catecholamines and electrolytes on the recurrence of OI in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Children who were diagnosed with vasovagal syncope (VVS), postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS), and VVS combined with POTS were enrolled in this retrospective study and were followed up after 1-year physical treatment...

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates whether volumes of intake in the first 24 h of life (24 HOL), in relation to birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA), impact neonatal feeding intolerance (FI). METHODS: This study employed a retrospective chart review of 6,650 infants born at ≥35 weeks. The volumes of each formula feed per kg BW in the first 24 HOL were assessed. FI was defined as evidenced by chart documentation of emesis, abdominal distension, abdominal x-ray, and/or switching to a sensitive formula...

INTRODUCTION: The health consequences of lactose intolerance remain unclear. We studied the association of lactose intolerance with growth in children. METHODS: In this prospective case-control study, we compared Caucasian prepubertal children with lactose intolerance (LI) [ n  = 30, median age = 7.87 years (3.00-12.75)] to healthy controls [( n  = 75, median age = 2.25 years (2.00-7.25)]. A lactose tolerance test was performed for lactose intolerance diagnosis...

Neonatal vascular access continues to pose challenges. Recent times have seen considerable innovations in practice and the design and manufacture of materials used to provide infusion-based therapies with the intent of reducing the incidence and severity of vascular access-related complications. However, despite these efforts, vascular access-related complication rates remain high in this patient group and research evidence remains incomplete. In neonates, a medical-grade formulation of cyanoacrylate adhesive is widely used to secure percutaneously inserted central venous catheters and is beginning to establish a role in supporting the effective securement of other devices, such as umbilical and peripheral intravenous catheters...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the correlation and agreement between the SenSmart™ and the INVOS™ devices of neonatal cerebral regional oxygen saturation (CrSO2 ) measurements using neonatal sensors. The secondary objective was to develop a regression model that predicts CrSO2 -INVOS values using CrSO2 -SenSmart indices and determine whether the values between the devices are interchangeable. METHODS: A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in infants during the first 4 weeks of life...

INTRODUCTION: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is associated with important cardiovascular morbidity during the acute phase. Follow-up shows a swift recovery of cardiac abnormalities in most patients. However, a small portion of patients has persistent cardiac sequelae at mid-term. The goal of our study was to assess late cardiac outcomes of MIS-C. METHODS: A prospective observational multicenter study was performed in children admitted with MIS-C and cardiac involvement between April 2020 and March 2022...

BACKGROUND: The distal radial metaphyseal-diaphysis junction fractures (DRMDJ) have various treatment methods and are easily lead to complications. This study aims to compare the anterograde elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN-A), retrograde K-wire fixation (KW-R), and retrograde precision-shaping elastic intramedullary nailing (ESIN-RPS) for the treatment of pediatric DRMDJ fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 113 patients with DRMDJ fractures (36 in the ESIN-A group, 52 in the KW-R group, and 25 in the ESIN-RPS group) from two centres were retrospectively analysed...

BACKGROUND: Spondylocostal dysostosis 4 (SCDO4) is characterized by short stature (mainly short trunk), dyspnea, brain meningocele, and spina bifida occulta, which is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous HES7 (HES family bHLH transcription factor 7) variants. The incidence of SCDO4 remains unknown due to the extremely low number of cases. This study reveals a novel homozygous HES7 splicing variant causing SCDO4 and reviews all the previously reported HES7 variants and corresponding symptoms, providing a comprehensive overview of the phenotypes and genotypes of HES7 variants...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the quantitative retinal vascular morphological characteristics of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) and Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) in the newborn by the application of a deep learning network with artificial intelligence. METHODS: Standard 130-degree fundus photographs centered on the optic disc were taken in the newborns. The deep learning network provided segmentation of the retinal vessels and the optic disc (OD)...

AIM: The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with characteristics of children with nephrotic syndrome and cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT). METHODS: We have reviewed 37 articles of pediatric cases and provided 1 new case. PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were included in the review. CSVT was more common in males, usually occurred within 6 months of nephrotic syndrome onset and was found more often in outpatients...

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) can guide umbilical vein catheter placement in real time and monitor catheter tip position, allowing avoidance of severe complications due to catheter malposition. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of POCUS in guiding venous catheter insertion and monitoring complications. METHODS: Sixty-eight neonates with ultrasound-guided venous catheter insertion at the Neonatal Department of Dongguan Children's Hospital between December 2020 and February 2022 were included...

OBJECTIVES: The study aims to investigate whether the time interval between administering antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) and delivery influences the neonatal outcomes in late preterm (LPT) neonates (34 + 0 to 36 + 6 weeks) born to mothers with diabetes. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study included women with any type of diabetes who gave birth between 34 + 0 weeks and 36 + 6 weeks of gestation. Based on the time interval between the first dose of corticosteroid and delivery, the cases were stratified into the following groups: <2, 2-7, and >7 days...

BACKGROUND: Crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) is a relatively rare but severe condition in childhood with the clinical feature of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN). The aim of this study is to investigate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of CrGN in children. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and laboratory data, renal pathological results, treatment, and outcome of 147 CrGN in two Chinese pediatric nephrology centers...

BACKGROUND: Neonatal early onset sepsis (NEOS) is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition affecting newborns within the first few days of life. While the diagnosis of NEOS was based on clinical signs and symptoms in the past, recent years have seen growing interest in identifying specific diagnostic factors and optimizing therapy outcomes. This study aims to investigate the diagnostic and risk factors and therapy outcomes of neonatal EOS in ICU patients in Saudi Arabia, with the goal of improving the management of neonatal EOS in the country...

OBJECTIVE: In the past, obviously displaced lateral condyle fractures of the humerus in children were treated satisfactorily with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). However, in recent years, more studies have mentioned closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of these fractures. METHODS: In this retrospective investigation, the radiographic and clinical results of patients with these fractures that were initially managed with CRPP were newly classified...