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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

https://read.qxmd.com/read/36961252/high-dose-opioids-for-chronic-non-cancer-pain-an-overview-of-cochrane-reviews
#1
REVIEW
Charl Els, Tanya D Jackson, Reidar Hagtvedt, Diane Kunyk, Barend Sonnenberg, Vernon G Lappi, Sebastian Straube
BACKGROUND: This overview was originally published in 2017, and is being updated in 2022.  Chronic pain is typically described as pain on most days for at least three months. Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is any chronic pain that is not due to a malignancy. Chronic non-cancer pain in adults is a common and complex clinical issue, for which opioids are prescribed by some physicians for pain management. There are concerns that the use of high doses of opioids for CNCP lacks evidence of effectiveness, and may increase the risk of adverse events...
March 24, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36947725/exercise-based-rehabilitation-programmes-for-pulmonary-hypertension
#2
REVIEW
Norman R Morris, Fiona D Kermeen, Arwel W Jones, Joanna Yt Lee, Anne E Holland
BACKGROUND: Individuals with pulmonary hypertension (PH) have reduced exercise capacity and quality of life. Despite initial concerns that exercise training may worsen symptoms in this group, several studies have reported improvements in functional capacity and well-being following exercise-based rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the benefits and harms of exercise-based rehabilitation for people with PH compared with usual care or no exercise-based rehabilitation...
March 22, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36939655/anti-vascular-endothelial-growth-factor-for-proliferative-diabetic-retinopathy
#3
REVIEW
Maria José Martinez-Zapata, Ignacio Salvador, Arturo J Martí-Carvajal, José I Pijoan, José A Cordero, Dmitry Ponomarev, Ashleigh Kernohan, Ivan Solà, Gianni Virgili
BACKGROUND: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is an advanced complication of diabetic retinopathy that can cause blindness. It consists of the presence of new vessels in the retina and vitreous haemorrhage. Although panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) is the treatment of choice for PDR, it has secondary effects that can affect vision. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), which produces an inhibition of vascular proliferation, could improve the vision of people with PDR...
March 20, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36924438/postnatal-phenobarbital-for-the-prevention-of-intraventricular-haemorrhage-in-preterm-infants
#4
REVIEW
Olga Romantsik, Elisa Smit, David E Odd, Matteo Bruschettini
BACKGROUND: Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of preterm birth. Large haemorrhages are associated with a high risk of disability and hydrocephalus. Instability of blood pressure and cerebral blood in the newborn flow are postulated as causative factors. Another mechanism may involve reperfusion damage from oxygen free radicals. It has been suggested that phenobarbital stabilises blood pressure and may protect against free radicals. This is an update of a review first published in 2001 and updated in 2007 and 2013...
March 16, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36917094/consumers-and-health-providers-views-and-perceptions-of-partnering-to-improve-health-services-design-delivery-and-evaluation-a-co-produced-qualitative-evidence-synthesis
#5
REVIEW
Bronwen Merner, Lina Schonfeld, Ariane Virgona, Dianne Lowe, Louisa Walsh, Cheryl Wardrope, Lisa Graham-Wisener, Vicki Xafis, Cinzia Colombo, Nora Refahi, Paul Bryden, Renee Chmielewski, Fiona Martin, Nancy M Messino, Anne Mussared, Lorraine Smith, Susan Biggar, Marie Gill, David Menzies, Carolyn M Gaulden, Leia Earnshaw, Leslie Arnott, Naomi Poole, Rebecca E Ryan, Sophie Hill
BACKGROUND: Partnering with consumers in the planning, delivery and evaluation of health services is an essential component of person-centred care. There are many ways to partner with consumers to improve health services, including formal group partnerships (such as committees, boards or steering groups). However, consumers' and health providers' views and experiences of formal group partnerships remain unclear. In this qualitative evidence synthesis (QES), we focus specifically on formal group partnerships where health providers and consumers share decision-making about planning, delivering and/or evaluating health services...
March 14, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36916727/therapeutics-for-treating-mpox-in-humans
#6
REVIEW
Tilly Fox, Susan Gould, Naveena Princy, Tim Rowland, Vittoria Lutje, Rebecca Kuehn
BACKGROUND: Mpox was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 23 July 2022, following the identification of thousands of cases in several non-endemic countries in previous months. There are currently no licenced therapeutics for treating mpox; however, some medications may be authorized for use in an outbreak. The efficacy and safety of possible therapeutic options has not been studied in humans with mpox. There is a need to investigate the evidence on safety and effectiveness of treatments for mpox in humans; should any therapeutic option be efficacious and safe, it may be approved for use around the world...
March 14, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36916692/botulinum-toxin-for-the-treatment-of-strabismus
#7
REVIEW
Angeles R Bort-Martí, Fiona J Rowe, Laura Ruiz Sifre, Sueko M Ng, Sylvia Bort-Martí, Vicente Ruiz Garcia
BACKGROUND: The use of botulinum toxin as an investigative and treatment modality for strabismus is well reported in the medical literature. However, it is unclear how effective it is in comparison with other treatment options for strabismus. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to examine the efficacy of botulinum toxin therapy in the treatment of strabismus compared with alternative conservative or surgical treatment options. This review sought to ascertain those types of strabismus that particularly benefit from the use of botulinum toxin as a treatment option (such as small angle strabismus or strabismus with binocular potential, i...
March 14, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36930048/personally-tailored-activities-for-improving-psychosocial-outcomes-for-people-with-dementia-in-long-term-care
#8
REVIEW
Ralph Möhler, Stella Calo, Anna Renom, Helena Renom, Gabriele Meyer
BACKGROUND: People with dementia who are being cared for in long-term care settings are often not engaged in meaningful activities. We wanted to know whether offering them activities which are tailored to their individual interests and preferences could improve their quality of life and reduce agitation. This review updates our earlier review published in 2018. OBJECTIVES: ∙ To assess the effects of personally tailored activities on psychosocial outcomes for people with dementia living in long-term care facilities...
March 13, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36915032/oral-class-i-and-iii-antiarrhythmic-drugs-for-maintaining-sinus-rhythm-after-catheter-ablation-of-atrial-fibrillation
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonathan JH Bray, Mazhar Warraich, Michael G Whitfield, Christina Udani Peter, Ranu Baral, Mahmood Ahmad, Shazaib Ahmad, George R Abraham, Ali Kirresh, Muhammad Salman Sahibzada, Adnan Muzaffar, Joseph Tomson, Pier D Lambiase, Gabriella Captur, Amitava Banerjee, Rui Providencia
BACKGROUND: Recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATa) following catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common problem. Antiarrhythmic drugs have been used shortly after ablation in an attempt to maintain sinus rhythm, particularly Class I and III agents. However, it still needs to be established if the use of Class I or III antiarrhythmic medications, or both, reduce the risk of recurrence of ATa. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs versus control (standard medical therapy without Class I or III antiarrhythmics, or placebo) for maintaining sinus rhythm in people undergoing catheter ablation for AF...
March 13, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36912887/systemic-corticosteroid-regimens-for-prevention-of-bronchopulmonary-dysplasia-in-preterm-infants
#10
REVIEW
Wes Onland, Moniek van de Loo, Martin Offringa, Anton van Kaam
BACKGROUND: Systematic reviews showed that systemic postnatal corticosteroids reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm infants. However, corticosteroids have also been associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. It is unknown whether these beneficial and adverse effects are modulated by differences in corticosteroid treatment regimens related to type of steroid, timing of treatment initiation, duration, pulse versus continuous delivery, and cumulative dose...
March 13, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36912791/exercise-interventions-for-adults-with-cancer-receiving-radiation-therapy-alone
#11
REVIEW
Maike Trommer, Simone Marnitz, Nicole Skoetz, Ronja Rupp, Timo Niels, Janis Morgenthaler, Sebastian Theurich, Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon, Christian Baues, Freerk T Baumann
BACKGROUND: Radiation therapy (RT) is given to about half of all people with cancer. RT alone is used to treat various cancers at different stages. Although it is a local treatment, systemic symptoms may occur. Cancer- or treatment-related side effects can lead to a reduction in physical activity, physical performance, and quality of life (QoL). The literature suggests that physical exercise can reduce the risk of various side effects of cancer and cancer treatments, cancer-specific mortality, recurrence of cancer, and all-cause mortality...
March 13, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36912784/non-pharmacological-interventions-for-persistent-postural-perceptual-dizziness-pppd
#12
REVIEW
Katie E Webster, Tomohiko Kamo, Laura Smith, Natasha A Harrington-Benton, Owen Judd, Diego Kaski, Otto R Maarsingh, Samuel MacKeith, Jaydip Ray, Vincent A Van Vugt, Martin J Burton
BACKGROUND: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic balance disorder, which is characterised by subjective unsteadiness or dizziness that is worse on standing and with visual stimulation. The condition was only recently defined and therefore the prevalence is currently unknown. However, it is likely to include a considerable number of people with chronic balance problems. The symptoms can be debilitating and have a profound impact on quality of life. At present, little is known about the optimal way to treat this condition...
March 13, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36912752/antibiotics-versus-placebo-for-acute-bacterial-conjunctivitis
#13
REVIEW
Yu-Yen Chen, Su-Hsun Liu, Ulugbek Nurmatov, Onno Cp van Schayck, Irene C Kuo
BACKGROUND: Acute bacterial conjunctivitis is an infection of the conjunctiva and is one of the most common ocular disorders in primary care. Antibiotics are generally prescribed on the basis that they may speed recovery, reduce persistence, and prevent keratitis. However, many cases of acute bacterial conjunctivitis are self-limited, resolving without antibiotic therapy. This Cochrane Review was first published in The Cochrane Library in 1999, then updated in 2006, 2012, and 2022. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and side effects of antibiotic therapy in the management of acute bacterial conjunctivitis...
March 13, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36912744/medical-interventions-for-traumatic-hyphema
#14
REVIEW
Fasika A Woreta, Kristina B Lindsley, Almutez Gharaibeh, Sueko M Ng, Roberta W Scherer, Morton F Goldberg
BACKGROUND: Traumatic hyphema is the entry of blood into the anterior chamber, the space between the cornea and iris, following significant injury to the eye. Hyphema may be associated with significant complications that uncommonly cause permanent vision loss. Complications include elevated intraocular pressure, corneal blood staining, anterior and posterior synechiae, and optic nerve atrophy. People with sickle cell trait or disease may be particularly susceptible to increases in intraocular pressure and optic atrophy...
March 13, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36912740/device-modified-trabeculectomy-for-glaucoma
#15
REVIEW
Junghyun Park, Thanitsara Rittiphairoj, Xue Wang, Jian-Yu E, Amanda K Bicket
BACKGROUND: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that leads to visual field defects and vision loss. It is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. Treatment for glaucoma aims to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) to slow or prevent further vision loss. IOP can be lowered with medications, laser, or incisional surgery. Trabeculectomy is a surgical approach which lowers IOP by shunting aqueous humor to a subconjunctival bleb. Device-modified trabeculectomy techniques are intended to improve the durability and safety of this bleb-forming surgery...
March 13, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36896853/preventing-falls-in-older-people-the-evidence-for-environmental-interventions-and-why-history-matters
#16
EDITORIAL
Sharon R Lewis, Xavier L Griffin
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 10, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36893804/environmental-interventions-for-preventing-falls-in-older-people-living-in-the-community
#17
REVIEW
Lindy Clemson, Susan Stark, Alison C Pighills, Nicola J Fairhall, Sarah E Lamb, Jinnat Ali, Catherine Sherrington
BACKGROUND: Falls and fall-related injuries are common. A third of community-dwelling people aged over 65 years fall each year. Falls can have serious consequences including restricting activity or institutionalisation. This review updates the previous evidence for environmental interventions in fall prevention. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of environmental interventions (such as fall-hazard reduction, assistive technology, home modifications, and education) for preventing falls in older people living in the community...
March 10, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36906836/pharmacological-interventions-for-persistent-postural-perceptual-dizziness-pppd
#18
REVIEW
Katie E Webster, Natasha A Harrington-Benton, Owen Judd, Diego Kaski, Otto R Maarsingh, Samuel MacKeith, Jaydip Ray, Vincent A Van Vugt, Martin J Burton
BACKGROUND: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a chronic balance disorder, which is characterised by subjective unsteadiness or dizziness that is worse on standing and with visual stimulation. The condition was only recently defined and therefore the prevalence is currently unknown. However, it is likely to include a considerable number of people with chronic balance problems. The symptoms can be debilitating and have a profound impact on quality of life. At present, little is known about the optimal way to treat this condition...
March 9, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36884304/lens-extraction-versus-laser-peripheral-iridotomy-for-acute-primary-angle-closure
#19
REVIEW
Ariel Yuhan Ong, Paul McCann, Shamira A Perera, Fiona Lim, Sueko M Ng, David S Friedman, Dolly Chang
BACKGROUND: Acute primary angle closure (APAC) is a potentially blinding condition. It is one of the few ophthalmic emergencies and carries high rates of visual morbidity in the absence of timely intervention. Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) has been the standard of care thus far. However, LPI does not eliminate the long-term risk of chronic angle closure glaucoma and other associated sequelae. There has been increasing interest in lens extraction as the primary treatment for the spectrum of primary angle closure disease, and it is as yet unclear whether these results can be extrapolated to APAC, and whether lens extraction provides better long-term outcomes...
March 8, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36884238/induction-of-labour-at-or-near-term-for-suspected-fetal-macrosomia
#20
REVIEW
Michel Boulvain, Jim G Thornton
BACKGROUND: Women with a suspected large-for-dates fetus or a fetus with suspected macrosomia (birthweight greater than 4000 g) are at risk of operative birth or caesarean section. The baby is also at increased risk of shoulder dystocia and trauma, in particular fractures and brachial plexus injury. Induction of labour may reduce these risks by decreasing the birthweight, but may also lead to longer labours and an increased risk of caesarean section. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of a policy of labour induction at or shortly before term (37 to 40 weeks) for suspected fetal macrosomia on the way of giving birth and maternal or perinatal morbidity...
March 8, 2023: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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