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Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488250/face-down-positioning-or-posturing-after-pars-plana-vitrectomy-for-macula-involving-rhegmatogenous-retinal-detachments
#1
REVIEW
Timothy Hm Fung, Tsz Wing Yim, Noemi Lois, David M Wright, Su-Hsun Liu, Tom Williamson
BACKGROUND: A macula-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is one of the most common ophthalmic surgical emergencies and causes significant visual morbidity. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with gas tamponade is often performed to repair primary macula-involving RRDs with a high rate of anatomical retinal reattachment. It has been advocated by some ophthalmologists that face-down positioning after PPV and gas tamponade helps reduce postoperative retinal displacement. Retinal displacement can cause metamorphopsia and binocular diplopia...
March 15, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483092/antibiotics-for-treatment-of-leptospirosis
#2
REVIEW
Tin Zar Win, Su Myat Han, Tansy Edwards, Hsu Thinzar Maung, David M Brett-Major, Chris Smith, Nathaniel Lee
BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a disease transmitted from animals to humans through water, soil, or food contaminated with the urine of infected animals, caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed for the management of leptospirosis. Despite the widespread use of antibiotic treatment for leptospirosis, there seems to be insufficient evidence to determine its effectiveness or to recommend antibiotic use as a standard practice. This updated systematic review evaluated the available evidence regarding the use of antibiotics in treating leptospirosis, building upon a previously published Cochrane review...
March 14, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483067/antibiotic-prophylaxis-for-leptospirosis
#3
REVIEW
Tin Zar Win, Tanaraj Perinpanathan, Patrick Mukadi, Chris Smith, Tansy Edwards, Su Myat Han, Hsu Thinzar Maung, David M Brett-Major, Nathaniel Lee
BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic and waterborne disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira species. Antibiotics are used as a strategy for prevention of leptospirosis, in particular in travellers and high-risk groups. However, the clinical benefits are unknown, especially when considering possible treatment-associated adverse effects. This review assesses the use of antibiotic prophylaxis in leptospirosis and is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane Library (2009, Issue 3)...
March 14, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38477494/transvaginal-mesh-or-grafts-or-native-tissue-repair-for-vaginal-prolapse
#4
REVIEW
Ellen Yeung, Kaven Baessler, Corina Christmann-Schmid, Nir Haya, Zhuoran Chen, Sheila A Wallace, Alex Mowat, Christopher Maher
BACKGROUND: Pelvic organ prolapse is the descent of one or more of the pelvic organs (uterus, vaginal apex, bladder, or bowel) into the vagina. In recent years, surgeons have increasingly used grafts in transvaginal repairs. Graft material can be synthetic or biological. The aim is to reduce prolapse recurrence and surpass the effectiveness of traditional native tissue repair (colporrhaphy) for vaginal prolapse. This is a review update; the previous version was published in 2016. OBJECTIVES: To determine the safety and effectiveness of transvaginal mesh or biological grafts compared to native tissue repair or other grafts in the surgical treatment of vaginal prolapse...
March 13, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470607/purse-string-skin-closure-versus-linear-skin-closure-in-people-undergoing-stoma-reversal
#5
REVIEW
Shahab Hajibandeh, Shahin Hajibandeh, Andrew Maw
BACKGROUND: Stoma reversal is associated with a relatively high risk of surgical site infection (SSI), occurring in up to 40% of cases. This may be explained by the presence of microorganisms around the stoma site, and possible contamination with the intestinal contents during the open-end manipulation of the bowel, making the stoma closure site a clean-contaminated wound. The conventional technique for stoma reversal is linear skin closure (LSC). The purse-string skin closure (PSSC) technique (circumferential skin approximation) creates a small opening in the centre of the wound, enabling free drainage of contaminants and serous fluid...
March 12, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470162/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-added-to-standard-care-for-first-episode-and-recent-onset-psychosis
#6
REVIEW
Susanna Franziska Mayer, Ciaran Corcoran, Liam Kennedy, Stefan Leucht, Irene Bighelli
BACKGROUND: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can be effective in the general population of people with schizophrenia. It is still unclear whether CBT can be effectively used in the population of people with a first-episode or recent-onset psychosis. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of adding cognitive behavioural therapy to standard care for people with a first-episode or recent-onset psychosis. SEARCH METHODS: We conducted a systematic search on 6 March 2022 in the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Study-Based Register of Trials, which is based on CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, ClinicalTrials...
March 12, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470132/therapeutic-vaccines-for-advanced-non-small-cell-lung-cancer
#7
REVIEW
Marcela Cortés-Jofré, Mikel Rueda-Etxebarria, Emeline Orillard, Elena Jimenez Tejero, José-Ramón Rueda
BACKGROUND: New strategies in immunotherapy with specific antigens that trigger an anti-tumour immune response in people with lung cancer open the possibility of developing therapeutic vaccines aimed at boosting the adaptive immune response against cancer cells. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different types of therapeutic vaccines for people with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. SEARCH METHODS: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, Wanfang Data, and China Journal Net (CNKI) up to 22 August 2023...
March 12, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38451843/exercise-based-cardiac-rehabilitation-for-adults-with-heart-failure
#8
REVIEW
Cal Molloy, Linda Long, Ify R Mordi, Charlene Bridges, Viral A Sagar, Edward J Davies, Andrew Js Coats, Hasnain Dalal, Karen Rees, Sally J Singh, Rod S Taylor
BACKGROUND: People with heart failure experience substantial disease burden that includes low exercise tolerance, poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL), increased risk of mortality and hospital admission, and high healthcare costs. The previous 2018 Cochrane review reported that exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (ExCR) compared to no exercise control shows improvement in HRQoL and hospital admission amongst people with heart failure, as well as possible reduction in mortality over the longer term, and that these reductions appear to be consistent across patient and programme characteristics...
March 7, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38451842/compression-for-preventing-recurrence-of-venous-ulcers
#9
REVIEW
Melissa Andreia de Moraes Silva, Andrea Nelson, Sally Em Bell-Syer, Seleno G de Jesus-Silva, Fausto Miranda
BACKGROUND: Up to 1% of adults will have a leg ulcer at some time. Most leg ulcers are venous in origin and are caused by high pressure in the veins due to blockage or damaged valves. Venous ulcer prevention and treatment typically involves the application of compression bandages/stockings to improve venous return and thus reduce pressure in the legs. Other treatment options involve removing or repairing veins. Most venous ulcers heal with compression therapy, but ulcer recurrence is common...
March 7, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38441440/non-medical-interventions-to-enhance-return-to-work-for-people-with-cancer
#10
REVIEW
Angela Gem de Boer, Sietske J Tamminga, Julitta S Boschman, Jan L Hoving
BACKGROUND: People with cancer are 1.4 times more likely to be unemployed than people without a cancer diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to investigate whether programmes to enhance the return-to-work (RTW) process for people who have been diagnosed with cancer are effective. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2011 and updated in 2015. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of non-medical interventions aimed at enhancing return to work (RTW) in people with cancer compared to alternative programmes including usual care or no intervention...
March 5, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38441225/time-to-shift-the-research-agenda-for-hospital-at-home-from-effectiveness-to-implementation
#11
EDITORIAL
Yi Feng Lai, Stephanie Q Ko
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 5, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438116/admission-avoidance-hospital-at-home
#12
REVIEW
Kate Edgar, Steve Iliffe, Helen A Doll, Mike J Clarke, Daniela C Gonçalves-Bradley, Eric Wong, Sasha Shepperd
BACKGROUND: Admission avoidance hospital at home provides active treatment by healthcare professionals in the patient's home for a condition that would otherwise require acute hospital inpatient care, and always for a limited time period. This is the fourth update of this review. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness and cost of managing patients with admission avoidance hospital at home compared with inpatient hospital care. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL on 24 February 2022, and checked the reference lists of eligible articles...
March 5, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38438114/factors-influencing-the-implementation-of-early-discharge-hospital-at-home-and-admission-avoidance-hospital-at-home-a-qualitative-evidence-synthesis
#13
REVIEW
Jason A Wallis, Sasha Shepperd, Petra Makela, Jia Xi Han, Evie M Tripp, Emma Gearon, Gary Disher, Rachelle Buchbinder, Denise O'Connor
BACKGROUND: Worldwide there is an increasing demand for Hospital at Home as an alternative to hospital admission. Although there is a growing evidence base on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Hospital at Home, health service managers, health professionals and policy makers require evidence on how to implement and sustain these services on a wider scale. OBJECTIVES: (1) To identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative research evidence on the factors that influence the implementation of Admission Avoidance Hospital at Home and Early Discharge Hospital at Home, from the perspective of multiple stakeholders, including policy makers, health service managers, health professionals, patients and patients' caregivers...
March 5, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38426600/models-for-delivery-and-co-ordination-of-primary-or-secondary-health-care-or-both-to-older-adults-living-in-aged-care-facilities
#14
REVIEW
Polina Putrik, Liesl Grobler, Aislinn Lalor, Helen Ramsay, Alexandra Gorelik, Jonathan Karnon, Deborah Parker, Mark Morgan, Rachelle Buchbinder, Denise O'Connor
BACKGROUND: The number of older people is increasing worldwide and public expenditure on residential aged care facilities (ACFs) is expected to at least double, and possibly triple, by 2050. Co-ordinated and timely care in residential ACFs that reduces unnecessary hospital transfers may improve residents' health outcomes and increase satisfaction with care among ACF residents, their families and staff. These benefits may outweigh the resources needed to sustain the changes in care delivery and potentially lead to cost savings...
March 1, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38421211/uncut-roux-en-y-reconstruction-after-distal-gastrectomy-for-gastric-cancer
#15
REVIEW
Zhaolun Cai, Mingchun Mu, Qin Ma, Chunyu Liu, Zhiyuan Jiang, Baike Liu, Gang Ji, Bo Zhang
BACKGROUND: Choosing an optimal reconstruction method is pivotal for patients with gastric cancer undergoing distal gastrectomy. The uncut Roux-en-Y reconstruction, a variant of the conventional Roux-en-Y approach (or variant of the Billroth II reconstruction), employs uncut devices to occlude the afferent loop of the jejunum. This modification is designed to mitigate postgastrectomy syndrome and enhance long-term functional outcomes. However, the comparative benefits and potential harms of this approach compared to other reconstruction techniques remain a topic of debate...
February 29, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38415871/therapeutic-exercises-for-idiopathic-scoliosis-in-adolescents
#16
REVIEW
Michele Romano, Silvia Minozzi, Josette Bettany-Saltikov, Fabio Zaina, Nachiappan Chockalingam, Tomasz Kotwicki, Axel Maier-Hennes, Chiara Arienti, Stefano Negrini
BACKGROUND: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a pathology that changes the three-dimensional shape of the spine and trunk. While AIS can progress during growth and cause cosmetic issues, it is usually asymptomatic. However, a final spinal curvature above the critical threshold of 30° increases the risk of health problems and curve progression in adulthood. The use of therapeutic exercises (TEs) to reduce the progression of AIS and delay or avoid other, more invasive treatments is still controversial...
February 28, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38415846/interventions-for-managing-oral-submucous-fibrosis
#17
REVIEW
Adam Jones, Benjamin Veale, Tiffany Li, Vishal R Aggarwal, Joshua Twigg
BACKGROUND: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic disease of the oral cavity that causes progressive constriction of the cheeks and mouth accompanied by severe pain and reduced mouth opening. OSF has a significant impact on eating and swallowing, affecting quality of life. There is an increased risk of oral malignancy in people with OSF. The main risk factor for OSF is areca nut chewing, and the mainstay of treatment has been behavioural interventions to support habit cessation. This review is an update of a version last published in 2008...
February 28, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38415786/massage-for-neck-pain
#18
REVIEW
Anita R Gross, Haejung Lee, Jeanette Ezzo, Nejin Chacko, Geoffrey Gelley, Mario Forget, Annie Morien, Nadine Graham, Pasqualina L Santaguida, Maureen Rice, Craig Dixon
BACKGROUND: Massage is widely used for neck pain, but its effectiveness remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of massage compared to placebo or sham, no treatment or exercise as an adjuvant to the same co-intervention for acute to chronic persisting neck pain in adults with or without radiculopathy, including whiplash-associated disorders and cervicogenic headache. SEARCH METHODS: We searched multiple databases (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Index to Chiropractic Literature, trial registries) to 1 October 2023...
February 28, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38411279/non-clotting-factor-therapies-for-preventing-bleeds-in-people-with-congenital-hemophilia-a-or-b
#19
REVIEW
Omotola O Olasupo, Noella Noronha, Megan S Lowe, Derek Ansel, Mihir Bhatt, Davide Matino
BACKGROUND: Management of congenital hemophilia A and B is by prophylactic or on-demand replacement therapy with clotting factor concentrates. The effects of newer non-clotting factor therapies such as emicizumab, concizumab, marstacimab, and fitusiran compared with existing standards of care are yet to be systematically reviewed. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects (clinical, economic, patient-reported, and adverse outcomes) of non-clotting factor therapies for preventing bleeding and bleeding-related complications in people with congenital hemophilia A or B compared with prophylaxis with clotting factor therapies, bypassing agents, placebo, or no prophylaxis...
February 27, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38411248/macrolide-antibiotics-including-azithromycin-for-cystic-fibrosis
#20
REVIEW
Kevin W Southern, Arturo Solis-Moya, Dominiki Kurz, Sherie Smith
BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting genetic condition, affecting over 90,000 people worldwide. CF affects several organs in the body, but airway damage has the most profound impact on quality of life (QoL) and survival. Causes of lower airway infection in people with CF are, most notably, Staphylococcus aureus in the early course of the disease and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at a later stage. Macrolide antibiotics, e.g. azithromycin and clarithromycin, are usually taken orally, have a broad spectrum of action against gram-positive (e...
February 27, 2024: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
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