American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

INTRODUCTION: Given their antioxidative stress, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulating effects, flavonoids are hypothesised to play a role in preventing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this cohort study was to examine associations between flavonoid intake and COPD, asthma and lung function. METHODS: Among 119,466 participants of the UK Biobank, median [IQR] age of 60 [53, 65], we estimated intakes of flavonoids, flavonoid-rich foods and a flavodiet score from 24-hour diet assessments...

BACKGROUND: Soy-based meat alternatives (SBMA) are becoming increasingly popular, but it is unclear if they have the same anabolic effect on skeletal muscle as animal meat. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the stimulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis by consumption of one or two 4 oz patties of SBMA with 4 oz (80%protein/20%fat) beef. METHODS: The study design was a randomized controlled trial. Participants were aged 18 to 40 years of age and in good general health with a BMI between 20 and 32 kg/m2 ...

BACKGROUND: A pro-inflammatory diet has been associated with a risk of individual chronic diseases, however evidence on the association between inflammatory dietary patterns and the trajectory of chronic disease multimorbidity is sparse. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the associations of a low-inflammatory diet with the multimorbidity trajectory. METHODS: Within the UK Biobank, 102,424 chronic disease-free participants (mean age 54.7±7...

Recent litigation has led to a situation where preterm cow milk-based infant nutritional products (PCMBPs) may soon have limited or no availability in the United States. Given their limited availability, similar products based only on human milk are unlikely to meet the needs of most preterm infants requiring such products, especially those born greater than 1500 grams or very preterm infants born at less than 1500 g after they reach 34 to 35 weeks postmenstrual age. Alternative nutritional strategies, used prior to the introduction of specialized preterm products, would require modular nutrient additions to formula designed for full-term infants and donor or maternal milk...

BACKGROUND: The associations between one-carbon metabolism (OCM) nutrients (methionine, folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains inconclusive. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the association of dietary OCM nutrients with the subsequent risk of AD, and further assessed whether participants with a high genetic risk for AD might benefit from dietary OCM nutrients. METHODS: We analyzed data from 192,214 participants who completed at least one 24-hour dietary questionnaire and had no previous history of AD based on the UK Biobank...

BACKGROUND: Although long-term health effects of non-sugar sweeteners (NSS) are uncertain, they are widely used as a common alternative to added sugar, especially among people with chronic diseases. It is essential to evaluate trends in NSS use to inform policy makers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate trends in NSS use overall and by chronic diseases presence in U.S. adults. METHODS: The analysis used data of U.S. adults (≥20 years) collected in NHANES (1999-March 2020)...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies proposed varying leucine requirements for adults ranging from 25 to 40 mg⋅kg-1 ⋅d-1 , but often these studies did not test intakes exceeding 40 mg⋅kg-1 ⋅d-1 . Data using the indicator amino acid (IAAO) method suggest a higher requirement of 55 mg⋅kg-1 ⋅d-1 based on the total BCAA requirement, but not leucine independently. OBJECTIVE: The IAAO method was used to determine the leucine requirement in healthy young adult males...

BACKGROUND: Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) comprise most calories in the United States diet. Glycemic index (GI) and load (GL) are measures of the quality and quantity of carbohydrates in food based on their effect on postprandial blood glucose. Diets high in UPFs and GI/GL are associated with chronic metabolic diseases but the relationship between them is unclear. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to examine the GI and GL of foods assigned to NOVA food processing groups...

BACKGROUND: Energy requirement assessment is a cornerstone for nutrition practice. The extent to which total energy expenditure (TEE; indicator of energy requirements) has been measured in adults with chronic diseases has not been explored. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to: 1) Characterize evidence on TEE among individuals with chronic diseases, and 2) Describe TEE across chronic diseases and compared to controls without a chronic disease. METHODS: A literature search using terms related to doubly labeled water and TEE was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase...

BACKGROUND: Few standardized and open-source tools exist for calculating multiple dietary pattern indexes from dietary intake data in epidemiological and clinical studies. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim is to develop and validate dietaryindex, a user-friendly and versatile R package that standardizes the calculation of dietary indexes. METHODS: Dietaryindex can calculate multiple dietary indexes of high interest in research, including Healthy Eating Index (HEI) - 2020, Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Index, Alternate Mediterranean Diet Score, Dietary Inflammatory Index, American Cancer Society 2020 dietary index, and Planetary Health Diet Index from the EAT-Lancet Commission...

BACKGROUND: Weight loss through lifestyle interventions, notably low-energy diets, offers glycemic benefits in populations with overweight-associated prediabetes. However, more than 50% of these individuals fail to achieve normoglycemia after weight loss. Circulating lipids hold potential for evaluating dietary impacts and predicting diabetes risk. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to identify serum lipids that could serve as evaluative or predictive biomarkers for individual glycemic changes following diet-induced weight loss...

BACKGROUND: Transitions between different stages of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are not completely captured by traditional survival models with an endpoint of advanced AMD. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the transitions from early and intermediate AMD to higher non-advanced and advanced stages and determine the contributions of nutritional factors to these outcomes. METHODS: Eyes with early or intermediate AMD at baseline, classified according to the Age-Related Eye Disease Study severity score, were included in this prospective longitudinal analysis...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the major plasma n6 PUFA, linoleic acid (LA), as well as the non-LA n6 PUFAs, and total and cause-specific mortality. DESIGN: Prospective, observational, biomarker-based study. SETTING: UK Biobank. PARTICIPANTS: Individuals with complete information on baseline demographic, covariate and plasma PUFA levels and mortality outcomes were utilized (n=257,925). METHODS: Multivariable-adjusted, Cox-proportional hazards models were used to predict risk of death from all-causes, and from cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and other causes as a function of plasma LA and non-LA n6 levels, both continuously and by PUFA quintile (Q)...

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have suggested associations between amount of coffee consumption and decreased risk of neurodegenerative diseases. However, these studies do not consider differences among coffee types, including sweetened, unsweetened, caffeinated, and decaffeinated varieties. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify associations between the consumption of various coffee types (sugar-sweetened, artificially sweetened, unsweetened, caffeinated, and decaffeinated) and the risks of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), along with related mortality...

BACKGROUND: While serum magnesium deficiency is liked to higher cardiovascular disease risk, its association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between dietary magnesium intake and CKD development in adults with clinically normal kidney function METHODS: The prospective observational cohort study evaluated 188,510 participants (median age, 57.0 years; female, 54.1%) from the UK Biobank. Dietary magnesium intake was assessed through a 24-hour dietary recall questionnaire compromising a list of 206 foods and 32 beverages, and categorized into quintiles...

BACKGROUND: Crossover studies can induce order effects, especially when they lack a wash-out period. OBJECTIVE: We performed a secondary analyses comparing groups of subjects randomized to different diet orders in two inpatient crossover studies originally designed to compare within subject differences in ad libitum energy intake. One study compared minimally processed low carbohydrate (LC) versus low fat (LF) diets and the other matched macronutrients and compared minimally processed food (MPF) versus ultra-processed food (UPF) diets...

BACKGROUND: Limited studies explored the association between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between UPF consumption and RA risk and explore the potential mediating effects of RA-related biomarkers. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 207,012 participants without RA at recruitment and completed 24 h dietary recalls. UPF was defined based on the NOVA classification system...

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BACKGROUND: Undernutrition during pregnancy increases the risk of giving birth to a small vulnerable newborn. Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) contain both macro- and micronutrients and can help prevent multiple nutritional deficiencies. OBJECTIVES: We examined effects of SQ-LNS provided during pregnancy, compared to a) iron and folic acid or standard of care (IFA/SOC) or b) multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS), and identified characteristics that modified the estimates of effects of SQ-LNS on birth outcomes...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.