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Shipo Wu, Jianying Huang, Zhe Zhang, Jianyuan Wu, Jinlong Zhang, Hanning Hu, Tao Zhu, Jun Zhang, Lin Luo, Pengfei Fan, Busen Wang, Chang Chen, Yi Chen, Xiaohong Song, Yudong Wang, Weixue Si, Tianjian Sun, Xinghuan Wang, Lihua Hou, Wei Chen
BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 has caused millions of deaths, and, since Aug 11, 2020, 20 intramuscular COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for use. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of an aerosolised adenovirus type-5 vector-based COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) in adults without COVID-19 from China. METHOD: This was a randomised, single-centre, open-label, phase 1 trial done in Zhongnan Hospital (Wuhan, China), to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Ad5-nCoV vaccine by aerosol inhalation in adults (≥18 years) seronegative for SARS-CoV-2...
July 26, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#2
Bart J Currie, Mark Mayo, Linda M Ward, Mirjam Kaestli, Ella M Meumann, Jessica R Webb, Celeste Woerle, Robert W Baird, Ric N Price, Catherine S Marshall, Anna P Ralph, Emma Spencer, Jane Davies, Sarah E Huffam, Sonja Janson, Sarah Lynar, Peter Markey, Vicki L Krause, Nicholas M Anstey
BACKGROUND: The global distribution of melioidosis is under considerable scrutiny, with both unmasking of endemic disease in African and Pacific nations and evidence of more recent dispersal in the Americas. Because of the high incidence of disease in tropical northern Australia, The Darwin Prospective Melioidosis Study commenced in October, 1989. We present epidemiology, clinical features, outcomes, and bacterial genomics from this 30-year study, highlighting changes in the past decade...
July 22, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#3
Jacob Bodilsen
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 22, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#4
Sif Helene Arnold, Jette Nygaard Jensen, Lars Bjerrum, Volkert Siersma, Christine Winther Bang, Marius Brostrøm Kousgaard, Anne Holm
BACKGROUND: When suspecting a urinary tract infection (UTI), the nursing home staff contacts a physician with clinical information on behalf of the resident; hence, poor understanding of UTI or a lack of clinical communicative skills can cause overtreatment with antibiotics. We investigated whether a tailored intervention that improves knowledge about UTI and communication skills in nursing home staff influences antibiotic prescriptions for UTI. METHODS: This open-label, parallel-group, cluster randomised controlled trial was done at 22 participating nursing homes in Denmark...
July 22, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#5
Grant A Mackenzie, Philip C Hill, David J Jeffries, Malick Ndiaye, Shah M Sahito, Ilias Hossain, Uchendu Uchendu, David Ameh, Oyedeji Adeyemi, Jayani Pathirana, Yekini Olatunji, Baderinwa Abatan, Bilquees S Muhammad, Ebirim Ahameefula, Augustin E Fombah, Aderonke Odutola, Ian D Plumb, Aliu Akano, Bernard E Ebruke, Readon C Ideh, Bankole Kuti, Peter Githua, Emmanuel Olutunde, Ogochukwu Ofordile, Edward Green, Effua Usuf, Henry Badji, Usman Na Ikumapayi, Ahmed Manjang, Rasheed Salaudeen, E David Nsekpong, Sheikh Jarju, Martin Antonio, Sana Sambou, Lamin Ceesay, Yamundow Lowe-Jallow, Sidat Fofana, Momodou Jasseh, Kim Mulholland, Maria Knoll, Orin S Levine, Stephen R Howie, Richard A Adegbola, Brian M Greenwood, Tumani Corrah, Banjo Adeshola, Babila G Lobga, Debasish Saha, Roslyn Mackenzie
BACKGROUND: The Gambia introduced seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in August 2009, followed by PCV13 in May, 2011, using a schedule of three primary doses without a booster dose or catch-up immunisation. We aimed to assess the long-term impact of PCV on disease incidence. METHODS: We did 10 years of population-based surveillance for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and WHO defined radiological pneumonia with consolidation in rural Gambia. The surveillance population included all Basse Health and Demographic Surveillance System residents aged 2 months or older...
July 16, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#6
REVIEW
Tyler M Sharp, Kathryn B Anderson, Leah C Katzelnick, Hannah Clapham, Michael A Johansson, Amy C Morrison, Eva Harris, Gabriela Paz-Bailey, Stephen H Waterman
The most severe consequences of dengue virus infection include shock, haemorrhage, and major organ failure; however, the frequency of these manifestations varies, and the relative contribution of pre-existing anti-dengue virus antibodies, virus characteristics, and host factors (including age and comorbidities) are not well understood. Reliable characterisation of the epidemiology of severe dengue first depends on the use of consistent definitions of disease severity. As vaccine trials have shown, severe dengue is a crucial interventional endpoint, yet the infrequency of its occurrence necessitates the inclusion of thousands of study participants to appropriately compare its frequency among participants who have and have not been vaccinated...
July 12, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#7
REVIEW
Thea K Fischer, Peter Simmonds, Heli Harvala
Poliovirus is known to most people in the world as the cause of polio, a devastating paralytic disease from the past. Success in polio eradication has understandably translated into stricter containment plans for poliovirus, coordinated by WHO. In this Personal View, we discuss the impact of recent biosafety level 3+ guidelines for handling potential poliovirus-containing diagnostic specimens, which has resulted in closure of many national WHO poliovirus reference laboratories. This reduction in laboratory capacity has a knock-on effect of capability to detect and characterise non-polio enteroviruses in samples obtained from patients with neurological symptoms...
July 12, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#8
REVIEW
Maria F Mojica, Maria-Agustina Rossi, Alejandro J Vila, Robert A Bonomo
Due to their superior tolerability and efficacy, β-lactams are the most potent and prescribed class of antibiotics in the clinic. The emergence of resistance to those antibiotics, mainly due to the production of bacterial enzymes called β-lactamases, has been partially solved by the introduction of β-lactamase inhibitors, which restore the activity of otherwise obsolete molecules. This solution is limited because currently available β-lactamase inhibitors only work against serine β-lactamases, whereas metallo-β-lactamases continue to spread, evolve, and confer resistance to all β-lactams, including carbapenems...
July 8, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#9
Mélanie Drolet, Jean-François Laprise, Dave Martin, Mark Jit, Élodie Bénard, Guillaume Gingras, Marie-Claude Boily, Michel Alary, Iacopo Baussano, Raymond Hutubessy, Marc Brisson
BACKGROUND: Introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been slow in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) because of resource constraints and worldwide shortage of vaccine supplies. To help inform WHO recommendations, we modelled various HPV vaccination strategies to examine the optimal use of limited vaccine supplies and best allocation of scarce resources in LMICs in the context of the WHO global call to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem. METHODS: In this mathematical modelling analysis, we developed HPV-ADVISE LMIC, a transmission-dynamic model of HPV infection and diseases calibrated to four LMICs: India, Vietnam, Uganda, and Nigeria...
July 7, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#10
Mihai G Netea, Reinout van Crevel
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 5, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#11
Judith R Glynn, Albert Dube, Katherine Fielding, Amelia C Crampin, Chifundo Kanjala, Paul E M Fine
BACKGROUND: Trials of BCG vaccination to prevent or reduce severity of COVID-19 are taking place in adults, some of whom have been previously vaccinated, but evidence of the beneficial, non-specific effects of BCG come largely from data on mortality in infants and young children, and from in-vitro and animal studies, after a first BCG vaccination. We assess all-cause mortality following a large BCG revaccination trial in Malawi. METHODS: The Karonga Prevention trial was a population-based, double-blind, randomised controlled in Karonga District, northern Malawi, that enrolled participants between January, 1986, and November, 1989...
July 5, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#12
REVIEW
Solomon Abrha, Jorg Heukelbach, Gregory M Peterson, Julia K Christenson, Simon Carroll, Sam Kosari, Andrew Bartholomeus, Hermann Feldmeier, Jackson Thomas
Tungiasis (sand flea disease) is an epidermal parasitic skin disease occurring in resource-limited communities. There is no standard treatment for tungiasis, and available treatment options are scarce. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review aimed to assess randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating interventions for tungiasis. We systematically searched databases including MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), CENTRAL, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS and Embase (Scopus) for RCTs in any language, from inception of the databases until June 12, 2021...
July 5, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#13
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 5, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#14
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 5, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#15
Bipin Adhikari, Phaik Yeong Cheah
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 1, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#16
Vijay Shankar Balakrishnan
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 1, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#17
Heather MacDougal
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 1, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#18
LETTER
Benjamin Giles, Paul Meredith, Samuel Robson, Gary Smith, Anoop Chauhan
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 28, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#19
LETTER
Mohammad Shahid
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 28, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
#20
Xiaohui Zou, Bin Cao
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
June 28, 2021: Lancet Infectious Diseases
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