Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

PURPOSE: Despite our understanding of diabetes as an established risk factor for progressive kidney disease and cardiac complications, the prognostic significance of prediabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains largely unknown. METHODS: Participants of the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) were categorized as having normoglycemia, prediabetes or diabetes according to fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c and treatment with anti-diabetic drugs at baseline...

CONTEXT: Metabolic disorders, especially dysregulated lipid metabolism, increase the risk of cardiovascular mortality in acromegaly. Previous studies measuring plasma macromolecular lipids have yielded conflicting results. PURPOSE: To explore the plasma lipid metabolite profiles by metabolomics analysis and identify potential metabolites associated with cardiac function in acromegaly. METHODS: Plasma was obtained from 80 newly diagnosed, untreated patients with acromegaly and 80 healthy controls...

CONTEXT: Patients with classic CAH are treated postnatally with life-long glucocorticoid (GC) replacement therapy. Previous results on general cognitive ability in individuals with CAH have been conflicting. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term cognitive effects of GC replacement therapy and the impact of early diagnosis in children with CAH. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational study with patients from a single research institute. PATIENTS: 32 children with CAH (mean age 11...

OBJECTIVE: There are no large, longitudinal studies of thyroid function across adolescence. The aims of this study were to examine longitudinal trends in TSH, fT3 and fT4 and determine age-specific reference ranges. METHODS: Thyroid function was assessed in 3415 participants in the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study at age 12, 14 and 16, using the Abbott ARCHITECT immunoassay. Longitudinal analyses were adjusted for body mass index and puberty. RESULTS: In girls, mean fT4 (± SE) increased between age 12 and 14 (by 0...

The proliferation of drugs with unique modes of action for treating osteoporosis has been most welcome. Fear of complications , even though rare, associated with long term bisphosphonates, changed prescribing patterns. The Bisphosphonates are stored in bone for years. Drugs not stored in bone; e.g. abaloparatide, teriparatide, denosumab, and romosozumab have expanded our armamentarium for treating osteoporosis but have brought new challenges. Bone accrued during treatment with the latter 3 drugs, and perhaps abaloparatide, is lost rapidly after their withdrawl due to rebound increase in bone resorption...

CONTEXT: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN 1) are risk factors for hypergastrinaemia. Gastrin-secreting neoplasms of the foregut mucosa are both a source of, and potentially stimulated by, hypergastrinaemia. OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between H. pylori exposure and the prevalence and severity of hypergastrinaemia in patients with MEN 1. DESIGN: setting & patients Cross-sectional analysis of patients with a common MEN1 gene mutation managed at a tertiary referral hospital that underwent fasting serum gastrin and H...

CONTEXT: Daily GH injections can be burdensome for patients and carers. Somapacitan is a long-acting, reversible albumin-binding GH derivative in development for once-weekly administration in patients with GHD. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate efficacy, safety and tolerability of once-weekly somapacitan versus once-daily GH. DESIGN: REAL 3 is a multicenter, randomized, controlled, double-blind (somapacitan doses), phase-2 study with a 26-week main and 26-week extension phase (NCT02616562)...

CONTEXT: As many as 75% of patients with Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are estimated to be unidentified in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE: Utilizing polygenic risk prediction, we aim to identify the phenome-wide comorbidity patterns characteristic of PCOS to improve accurate diagnosis and preventive treatment. DESIGN, PATIENTS, AND METHODS: Leveraging the electronic health records (EHRs) of 124,852 individuals, we developed a PCOS risk prediction algorithm by combining polygenic risk scores (PRS) with PCOS component phenotypes into a polygenic and phenotypic risk score (PPRS)...

CONTEXT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition of androgen excess in women, is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors; however, this association is not fully characterized in a population-based sample of premenopausal women and high-risk groups such as Hispanics/Latinas. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association of PCOS signs and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in premenopausal Hispanic/Latina women. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis includes 1,427 women 24-44 years old from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos...

CONTEXT: Questions remain about bariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. OBJECTIVE: Compare the remission of T2DM following surgical or non-surgical treatments. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized Controlled Trial at the University of Pittsburgh, in the United States. Five year follow up from February 2015 until June 2016. INTERVENTIONS: 61 participants with obesity and T2DM who were initially randomized to either bariatric surgical treatments (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB] or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding [LAGB]) or an intensive lifestyle weight loss intervention (LWLI) program for 1 year...

CONTEXT: Voice break (VB), as a landmark of advanced male puberty in genome-wide association studies (GWAS), has revealed that pubertal timing is a highly polygenic trait. Although, VB is easily recorded in large cohorts, it holds quite low precision as a marker of puberty. In contrast, gonadarche and pubarche are early and clinically well-defined measures of puberty onset. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a polygenic risk score (PRS) of alleles that confer risk for VB associates with age at gonadarche (AAG) and age at pubarche (AAP) in Chilean boys...

CONTEXT: There is an unmet need for biomarkers of pancreatic beta-cell death, to improve early diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, enroll subjects into clinical trials, and assess treatment response. To address this need, several groups developed assays measuring insulin DNA with unmethylated CpG sites in cell-free DNA. Unmethylated insulin DNA should be derived predominantly from beta-cells, and indicate ongoing beta-cell death. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of three unmethylated insulin DNA assays...

BACKGROUND: Adipocyte-derived hormones play a role in insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis. However, the relationship between circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), adipocytokines and cold-induced supraclavicular brown adipose tissue (sBAT) activation is underexplored. OBJECTIVE: Our study aimed to investigate the relationships between cold-induced sBAT activity and plasma FGF21 and adipocytokines levels in healthy adults. DESIGN: Nineteen healthy subjects underwent energy expenditure (EE) and supraclavicular infrared thermography (IRT) within a whole body calorimeter at baseline and at 2 hours post-cold exposure...

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of age at menarche (AM) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to assess whether the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index responses to AM and menopause status interact in Chinese rural adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based study including 23138 participants was performed. Logistic regression and multivariable linear regression were performed to investigate the relationship between AM and glucose status...

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the degree of fatty infiltration in the thigh muscles of "cured" CS patients and evaluate the relationship between intramuscular fatty infiltration and physical performance. DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS: Thirty-six women with CS in remission, and 36 controls matched for age, BMI, menopausal status, and level of physical activity...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

INTRODUCTION: Carney Complex (CNC) is a rare multiple endocrine and non endocrine neoplasia. Manifestations and genotype-phenotype correlations have been described by retrospective studies but no prospective study evaluating the occurrence of the different manifestations was available so far. METHODS: Multicenter national prospective study including patients with CNC, primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease (PPNAD) or relatives carrying a pathogenic PRKAR1A mutation followed during 3 years with annual standardized evaluation after a full initial work-up...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To identify major mineral and hormonal factors related to BMD in adult TM patients to provide human evidence for the proposed mechanisms. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Referral center. PATIENTS: Twenty-nine patients with β-TM, aged 23－44 years, who were followed-up during 2017 to 2018 were enrolled. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Endocrine profiles, including thyroid, parathyroid, and pituitary function, glucose, vitamin D, calcium, phosphate, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were obtained...

CONTEXT: This study was designed to understand causes and critical periods for postpartum weight retention by characterizing changes in body composition, energy intake, energy expenditure and physical activity in women with obesity during pregnancy and postpartum. DESIGN: In this prospective, observational cohort study, body composition (plethysmography), energy expenditure (doubly labeled water, and whole-body room calorimetry), physical activity (accelerometry), metabolic biomarkers and eating behaviors were measured...