Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

CONTEXT: High dietary salt intake is known to aggravate arterial hypertension. This effect could be of particular relevance in the setting of primary aldosteronism (PA), which is associated with cardiovascular damage independent of blood pressure levels. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of therapy on salt intake in PA patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 148 consecutive PA patients (66 with unilateral and 82 with bilateral PA) from the database of the German Conn's Registry were included...

CONTEXT: Both thyroid dysfunction and levothyroxine therapy (LT4) have been associated with bone loss, but studies on the effect of LT4 for subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) on bone yielded conflicting results. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of LT4 treatment on bone mineral density (BMD), Trabecular Bone Score (TBS), and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in older adults with SHypo. DESIGN AND INTERVENTION: Planned nested substudy of the double-blind placebo-controlled TRUST trial...

CONTEXT: Congenital hypopituitarism (CH) is characterized by the presence of deficiencies in one or more of the six anterior pituitary (AP) hormones secreted from the five different specialized cell types of the AP. During human embryogenesis, hypothalamo-pituitary (HP) development is controlled by a complex spatio-temporal genetic cascade of transcription factors and signaling molecules within the hypothalamus and Rathke's pouch, the primordium of the AP. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: This mini-review discusses the genes and pathways involved in HP development and how mutations of these give rise to CH...

CONTEXT: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) and recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) have been widely used to treat idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) or early and fast puberty (EFP). However, large-scale studies to evaluate the treatment effects on final adult height (FAH) are still lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of long-term treatment for CPP/EFP on FAH and its main influencing factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective, multi-center observational study from 1998-2017...

BACKGROUND: The early molecular events in human thyrocytes after 131I exposure have not yet been unravelled. Therefore, we investigated the role of thyrotropin (TSH) in the 131I-induced DNA damage response and gene expression in primary cultured human thyrocytes. METHODS: Following exposure of thyrocytes, in the presence or absence of TSH, to 131I (β radiation), γ radiation (3 Gy) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), we assessed DNA damage, proliferation and cell cycle status...

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of IGF-1 normalization with long-term multimodality therapy in a pituitary center, and to assess changes over time. METHODS: Patients with acromegaly (N=409), with >1-year of data after surgery, and at least two subsequent clinic visits, were included in long-term analysis (N=266). Biochemical data, clinical characteristics and therapeutic interventions were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: At diagnosis, age was 43...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether estradiol variability, ovulatory levels of progesterone, and VMS burden are independently associated with perimenopausal depressive symptomatology. DESIGN AND INTERVENTION: Depressive symptoms, serum levels of estradiol and progesterone, and VMS frequency were assessed weekly in an 8-week observational study. Association of mood with estradiol variability, ovulatory levels of progesterone, and VMS frequency were estimated using generalized estimating equation models...

CONTEXT: The long-term association between multiple cytokines and progression to diabetes is still uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To identify what cytokines could predict progression to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes over the 10 years. METHODS: The study included 912 participants aged 40 to 69 years at baseline from the Ansung cohort, part of the Korea Genome Epidemiology Study. At baseline, a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test and eight cytokines were measured: plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), resistin, interleukin-6, leptin, monocyte-chemoattractant-protein-1, tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha, retinol-binding-protein 4 (RBP4), and adiponectin...

CONTEXT: Ultrasound (US) risk stratification systems (RSSs) have been developed to reduce the number of unnecessary fine-needle aspiration procedures (FNA) in patients with thyroid nodules. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the ability of the five most common US RSSs for the appropriate selection of thyroid nodules for FNA. DATA SOURCES: This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019131771)...

AIMS: To investigate circulating levels and liver gene expression of three hormonal pathways associated with obesity, insulin resistance and inflammation to identify leads towards potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: We compared circulating levels of: a) proglucagon-derived hormones (glucagon-like peptide [GLP]-1, GLP-2, glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon, major proglucagon fragment [MPGF]), b) follistatins-activins (follistatin-like [FSTL]3, activin B), c) IGF axis (insulin-like growth factor [IGF]-1, total and intact IGF binding protein [IGFBP]-3 and IGFBP-4, and pregnancy associated plasma protein [PAPP]-A) in two studies: a) 18 individuals with early stage NAFLD vs...

OBJECTIVE: Adults with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are at increased risk of developing age-associated diseases early in life and, like in premature ageing syndromes, ageing might be accelerated. We investigated leukocyte telomere length (LTL), a marker of biological age, in young adults with PWS and compared LTL to healthy young adults of similar age. As all young adults with PWS were treated with growth hormone (GH), we also compared LTL in PWS subjects to GH-treated young adults born short for gestational age (SGA)...

PURPOSE: Idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) and CHARGE syndrome are two distinct developmental disorders sharing features of hypogonadism and/or impaired olfaction. CHD7 variants contribute to >60% CHARGE syndrome and ~10% IHH patients. A variety of extended CHARGE-like features are frequently reported in CHARGE patients harboring CHD7 variants. In this study, we aimed to systematically analyze the diagnostic CHARGE features and the extended CHARGE-like features in IHH patients with CHD7 variants...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

CONTEXT: IGF1 receptor mutations (IGF1RM) are rare; however, patients exhibit pronounced growth retardation without catch-up. Although several case reports exist, a comprehensive statistical analysis investigating growth profile and benefit of recombinant growth hormone (rhGH) treatment is still missing. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Here, we compared IGF1RM carriers (n = 23) retrospectively regarding birth parameters, growth response to rhGH therapy, near final height and glucose/insulin homeostasis to treated children born small for gestational age (SGA) (n = 34)...

CONTEXT: Meal timing affects metabolic homeostasis and body weight, but how composition and timing of meals affect plasma lipidomics in humans is not well studied. OBJECTIVE: We used high throughput shotgun plasma lipidomics to investigate effects of timing of carbohydrate and fat intake on lipid metabolism and its relation to glycaemic control. DESIGN: 29 non-diabetic men consumed (i) a high-carb test meal (MTT-HC) at 09:00 and a high-fat meal (MTT-HF) at 15:40; or (ii) MTT-HF at 09:00 and MTT-HC at 15:40...

CONTEXT: China has the largest number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the world. Data from previous studies suggested that up to one-fifth of individuals with diabetes would be missed without an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). To date there is little information on the mortality risk of these individuals. OBJECTIVE: We estimated the association of different indicators of hyperglycaemia with mortality in the general Chinese population. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study...

CONTEXT: The effects of dietary intake of different fatty acids and pharmacological use of fatty acids, specifically long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), on cardiovascular health and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention have been examined in a large number of observational studies and clinical trials. This review summarizes recent data and discusses potential mechanisms. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: The review is based on the authors' knowledge of the field supplemented by a PubMed search using the terms "seafood," "fish oil," "saturated fatty acids," "omega-3 fatty acids," "eicosapentaenoic acid," "docosahexaenoic acid," "polyunsaturated fatty acids," "monounsaturated fatty acids," and "ASCVD...

CONTEXT: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are neuroendocrine tumors explained by germline or somatic mutations in about 70% of cases. Patients with SDHB mutations are at high risk of developing metastatic disease, yet no reliable tumor biomarkers are available to predict tumor aggressiveness. OBJECTIVE: We aimed at identifying long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) specific for PPGL molecular groups and metastatic progression. DESIGN AND METHODS: To analyse the expression of lncRNAs, we used a mining approach of transcriptome data from a well-characterized series of 187 tumor tissues...

CONTEXT: The impact of mild TSH elevation (2.5-4.08 mIU/L) on pregnancy outcomes is unclear. The treatment strategy for mild TSH elevation is dependent on TPOAb status according to the guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of mild thyroid dysfunction combined with TPOAb status in the 1st trimester on pregnancy outcomes and the impact of L-T4 treatment on pregnancy outcomes. DESIGN: The study retrospectively evaluated 3562 pregnant women...