AIDS

OBJECTIVE: Despite long-term suppressive cART, the activation level of T lymphocytes remains significantly high HIV-infected individuals. This study aims to unravel the relationship between CD8+ T cell activation and HIV DNA reservoir. DESIGN/METHODS: In this retrospective study, 82 HIV-infected patients receiving suppressive cART for ≥8 years were included. Total HIV-1 DNA and expression of CD38 and HLA-DR in CD8+ T cell were quantified repeatedly during long-term follow-up...

BACKGROUND: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is more likely to develop into active tuberculosis (ATB), recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis fusion protein (ESAT6/CFP10, EC) Test is a latest developed method for LTBI. Compared with the interferon γ release test assays (IGRAs), the diagnostic performance of EC-Test to LTBI screening in HIV needs to be evaluated. METHODS: A population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted in Guangxi Province, China...

OBJECTIVE: Lesotho does not have reliable data on HIV prevalence in children, relying on estimates generated from program data. The 2016 Lesotho Population-based HIV Impact Assessment (LePHIA) aimed to determine HIV prevalence among children 0-14 years to assess the effectiveness of the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program and guide future policy. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of children under 15 years underwent household-based, two-stage HIV testing from November 2016-May 2017...

OBJECTIVE: Limited pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic data are a barrier to the well tolerated scale-up of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children. We examined the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic of the adult film-coated dolutegravir 50 mg tablets in children with HIV infection weighing at least 20 kg. DESIGN: A prospective, observational, pharmacokinetic, and safety study. METHODS: Treatment-experienced children with HIV weighing at least 20 kg and evidence of viral load suppression on ART were enrolled and switched to dolutegravir-based therapy...

OBJECTIVE: To longitudinally evaluate differences in HIV viral suppression (< 200 c/mL) by intersections of race/ethnicity, gender, and psychosocial issues in people with HIV in the Los Angeles County Medical Care Coordination Program. DESIGN: We analyzed 187,830 viral load measurements over 10,184 people with HIV enrolled in the Medical Care Coordination Program between January 1, 2013 and March 1, 2020.Methods: We fit Bayesian logistic hierarchical random effects models to test interactions between gender, race/ethnicity, and a psychosocial acuity score on viral suppression over time from 1 year prior to program enrollment to 24 months after enrollment...

OBJECTIVES: People living with HIV (PLWH) experience a greater risk of morbidity and mortality following COVID-19 infection, and poorer immunological responses to several vaccines. We explored existing evidence regarding the immunogenicity, effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in PLWH compared with controls. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of electronic databases from January 2020 until June 2022, in addition to conference databases, to identify studies comparing clinical, immunogenicity and safety in PLWH and controls...

OBJECTIVE: To determine immune-metabolic dysregulation in children born to women living with HIV. METHODS: Longitudinal immune-metabolomic analyses of plasma of 32 pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) and 12 uninfected women and their children up to 1.5 years of age were performed. RESULTS: Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and a multiplex bead assay, 280 metabolites (57 amino acids, 116 positive lipids, 107 signaling lipids) and 24 immune mediators (e...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of HIV to two HIV monoclonal antibodies (bnAbs), 3BNC117 and 10-1074, in individuals with chronically suppressed HIV infection. DESIGN: The susceptibility of bnAbs was determined using the PhenoSense mAb Assay, which is a cell-based infectivity assay designed to assess the susceptibility of luciferase-reporter pseudovirions. This assay is the only CLIA/CAP compliant screening test specifically developed for evaluating bnAb susceptibility in people with HIV infection...

BACKGROUND: HIV infection has been associated with survival disparities among persons with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, most studies examining survival do not control for provider- (e.g. type of HCC treatment given) or individual-level factors (e.g. homelessness, substance use) that could impact survival. In this study, we evaluate the effect of HIV status on survival among persons with HCC, in a comprehensive model that accounts for key individual-, provider- and systems-level factors...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the longitudinal association between periods of homelessness and progression through the HIV cascade of care among people who use drugs (PWUD) with universal access to no-cost HIV treatment and care. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the ACCESS study, including systematic HIV clinical monitoring and a confidential linkage to comprehensive antiretroviral therapy (ART) dispensation records...

OBJECTIVE: Neuroimmune activation is a putative driver of cognitive impairment in people with HIV (PWH), even in the age of modern antiretroviral therapy. Nevertheless, imaging of the microglial marker, the 18kDa translocator protein (TSPO), with positron emission tomography (PET) in treated PWH has yielded inconclusive findings. One potential reason for the varied TSPO results is a lack of cell-type specificity of the TSPO target. DESIGN: [11C]CPPC is a radiotracer for use with PET to image the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R)...

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OBJECTIVE: Examine drivers of durable viral suppression (DVS) disparities among people with HIV (PWH) using quantitative intersectional approaches. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis from electronic health records informed by intersectionality to better capture the concept of interlocking and interacting systems of oppression. METHODS: We analyzed data of PWH seen at a LGBTQ federally qualified health center in Chicago (2012-2019) with ≥3 viral loads...

OBJECTIVE: It is unknown whether HCV-cured people with HIV (PWH) without cirrhosis reached the same mortality risk as HCV-uninfected PWH. We aimed to compare mortality in PWH cured of HCV by direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) to mortality in individuals with HIV monoinfection. DESIGN: Nationwide hospital cohort. METHODS: HIV-controlled participants without cirrhosis and HCV-cured by DAAs started between 09/2013 and 09/2020, were matched on age (±5 years), sex, HIV transmission group, AIDS status, and BMI (±1 kg/m2) to up to ten participants with a virally suppressed HIV monoinfection followed at the time of HCV cure ± 6 months...

OBJECTIVE: Fragility fractures (fractures) are a critical outcome for persons aging with HIV (PAH). Research suggests that the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) only modestly estimates fracture risk among PAH. We provide an updated evaluation of how well a 'modified FRAX' identifies PAH at risk for fractures in a contemporary HIV cohort. DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: We used data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study to evaluate veterans living with HIV, aged 50+ years, for the occurrence of fractures from 1 January 2010 through 31 December 2019...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate psychosocial, sexual, reproductive and menopausal health in women with HIV (WWH) compared to women without HIV (WWOH) in Denmark. DESIGN: A nationwide cross-sectional study. METHODS: Data was retrieved from the SHARE study, a Danish nationwide cross-sectional survey examining psychosocial, sexual and reproductive health in people with HIV. Data from WWH, collected in 2021-2022, was matched 1:10 on age to a comparison group of WWOH from the nationally representative cohort study Project SEXUS...

OBJECTIVES: As lifespans increase in people with HIV (PWH), there is concern that age-related neurodegenerative disorders may contribute to cognitive decline. We asked whether brain accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated proteins amyloid-beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau) predicted cognitive performance in middle-aged PWH. METHODS: In a prospectively followed, cognitively-characterized autopsy sample of 135 PWH, we used immunohistochemistry to assess Aβ plaques and neuronal p-tau in medial temporal and lateral frontal lobes...

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with survival in the largest cohort of individuals with HIV and lymphoma so far described in Brazil. DESIGN: A retrospective, observational, multicenter study involving five institutions in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The medical records of consecutive patients with HIV diagnosed with lymphoma between January 2000 and December 2019 were screened. Inclusion criteria consisted of age over 17 years and a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of lymphoma...

BACKGROUND: Assessing neurodevelopmental functioning in early infancy is essential as this is a critical period for infant development. Infants born to mothers with HIV are at greater risk of developmental delays than those born to mothers without HIV. In this study, we analyzed differences in early neurodevelopmental functioning for infants with HIV exposure versus HIV infection to inform infant screening and early intervention. METHODS: Participants were recruited from community health centers in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa...

OBJECTIVE: We estimated the incidence rate of HIV medical care interruption (MCI) and its evolution over a 16 year-period, and identified associated risk factors among HIV-positive individuals from the CoRIS cohort in 2004-2020. DESIGN: We included antiretroviral-naive individuals aged≥18 years at enrolment, recruited between January 1, 2004, and August 30, 2019, and followed-up until November 30, 2020. METHODS: Individuals with any time interval >15 months between two visits were defined as having a MCI...