AIDS

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Retrospective, cohort analysis including people with HIV and 4-class drug resistance (4DR). The 8-year probability of malignancy after first evidence of 4DR was 12%, with an incidence of 1.6/100 person years of follow-up. Cancer risk tended to increase with higher precancer viremia copy-years adjusted for time [per 1 - log10 copies/ml higher: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.35; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.98-1.85] and male sex-assigned-at-birth (aHR = 2.50; 95% CI = 0.86-7.27). Efforts to achieve long-term undetectability, risk factor control, prevention, and more aggressive cancer screening are needed in this fragile population...

Our objective was to compare HIV prevalence between two national surveys among men who have sex with men in Brazil in 2009 and 2016. HIV prevalence was estimated stratifying by age and socioeconomic status. HIV prevalence increased from 11.9% [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.9-14.3], in 2009, to 19.1% (95% CI: 16.5 - 22.0), in 2016 [odds ratio (OR) = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.3] increasing 320% among Young MSM of low SES. Political leadership is needed to develop a scientifically sound and inclusive solution.

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We explored the impact of immune dysregulation on pancreatic beta cell injury in HIV patients. Analyzing 105 participant samples, we observed lower IL-21 levels and elevated immune checkpoint levels (e.g. PD-1, CD27+, CD40+) in untreated HIV patients. Notably, soluble TIM-3 correlated positively with improved beta cell function and inversely with beta cell stress, suggesting its potential role in beta cell protection in untreated HIV.

This single-centre substudy of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial aimed to determine the effect of 96 weeks of rosuvastatin on pulse wave velocity (PWV) in men (n = 55, 54 years) with HIV at moderate cardiovascular risk (Framingham risk score 10-15%). PWV increased in both rosuvastatin [0.54 m/s standard error of difference (SED) 0.26] and placebo [0.50 m/s (SED 0.26), P = 0.896] arms, leading to no difference in PWV at week 96 [rosuvastatin 9...

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OBJECTIVE: Metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is over-represented in people with HIV (PWH). Maraviroc (MVC) and/or metformin (MET) may reduce MAFLD by influencing inflammatory pathways and fatty acid metabolism. DESIGN: Open-label, 48-week randomized trial with a 2 x 2 factorial design. SETTING: Multicenter HIV clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Nondiabetic, virologically suppressed PLWH, aged at least 35 years, with confirmed/suspected MAFLD (≥1 biochemical/anthropometric/radiological/histological features)...

INTRODUCTION: The window period, defined as HIV nucleic acid test (NAT) reactivity but Western blot (WB) test inconclusive, is garnering more attention. Improving the detection efficiency of HIV high-risk populations in the window period is critical to reducing the risk of unanticipated transmission. The purpose of this study was to create an additional strategy for distinguishing indeterminate HIV infection cases. METHODS: Based on WB follow-up results, the individuals in this study were divided into persons in the HIV window period and persons without HIV...

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Twenty-eight individuals who experienced proximal renal tubulopathy (PRT, Fanconi syndrome) while receiving tenofovir disoproxil initiated tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) and were followed for 5 years. None developed recurrent PRT or experienced significant changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (by creatinine or cystatin-C), albuminuria, proteinuria, retinol-binding proteinuria, fractional excretion of phosphate, alkaline phosphatase, or bone mineral density at the lumbar spine. These data suggest that TAF is a well tolerated treatment option for individuals vulnerable to developing PRT...