AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with survival in the largest cohort of individuals with HIV and lymphoma so far described in Brazil. DESIGN: A retrospective, observational, multicenter study involving five institutions in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The medical records of consecutive patients with HIV diagnosed with lymphoma between January 2000 and December 2019 were screened. Inclusion criteria consisted of age over 17 years and a biopsy-confirmed diagnosis of lymphoma...

BACKGROUND: Assessing neurodevelopmental functioning in early infancy is essential as this is a critical period for infant development. Infants born to mothers with HIV are at greater risk of developmental delays than those born to mothers without HIV. In this study, we analyzed differences in early neurodevelopmental functioning for infants with HIV exposure versus HIV infection to inform infant screening and early intervention. METHODS: Participants were recruited from community health centers in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa...

OBJECTIVE: We estimated the incidence rate of HIV medical care interruption (MCI) and its evolution over a 16 year-period, and identified associated risk factors among HIV-positive individuals from the CoRIS cohort in 2004-2020. DESIGN: We included antiretroviral-naive individuals aged≥18 years at enrolment, recruited between January 1, 2004, and August 30, 2019, and followed-up until November 30, 2020. METHODS: Individuals with any time interval >15 months between two visits were defined as having a MCI...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of V114 (15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV] containing serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9 V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, 22F, 23F, 33F), followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) 8 weeks later, in children living with HIV. DESIGN: This phase 3 study (NCT03921424) randomized participants 6-17 years of age with HIV (CD4+ T-cell count ≥200 cells/μl, plasma HIV RNA < 50 000 copies/ml) to receive V114 or 13-valent PCV (PCV13) in a double-blind manner on Day 1, followed by PPSV23 at Week 8...

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the contribution of inflammasome activation in chronic low-grade systemic inflammation observed in patients with HIV (PWH) on long-term suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) and to explore mechanisms of such activation. DESIGN: Forty-two PWH on long-term suppressive ART (HIV-RNA < 40 copies/ml) were compared with 10 HIV-negative healthy controls (HC). METHODS: Inflammasome activation was measured by dosing mature interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 cytokines in patient serum...

OBJECTIVE: Recent reports of excessive weight gain in people living with HIV (PWH) have raised increasing concerns on the possible increase of diabetes mellitus (DM) risk in course of integrase inhibitor (INSTIs) treatment. In this study, we aimed at describing DM incidence in course of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and identifying the factors associated with new DM onset. DESIGN: Observational prospective SCOLTA (Surveillance Cohort Long-Term Toxicity Antiretrovirals) cohort...

OBJECTIVE: : To estimate and compare the cost of improved test and treat strategies in Indonesia under HIV Awal (Early) Testing and Treatment Indonesia (HATI) implementation trial in community-based and hospital-based clinics. DESIGN: : The cost and outcome [i.e. CD4+ cell count] and viral load (VL) at the beginning of interventions and their change overtime) analysis of Simplifying ART Initiation (SAI), Community-based Organization and community-based ART Service (CBO), Motivational Interviewing (MI), Oral Fluid-based Testing (OFT), and Short Message Service (SMS) reminder in community-based and hospital-based clinics in 2018-2019...

OBJECTIVES: People living with HIV (PLWH) have elevated risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and other diseases. Studying clonal hematopoiesis (CH), the clonal expansion of mutated hematopoietic stem cells, could provide insights regarding elevated NHL risk. DESIGN: Cohort analysis of participants in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (N = 5,979). METHODS: Mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs), a type of CH, were detected from genotyping array data using MoChA...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of past Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) on the pulmonary diffusion capacity in people with HIV (PWH) with a history of advanced immunodeficiency. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Adult PWH with past PJP >1 year ago were included as the study group. The control group consisted of PWH with a nadir CD4+ lymphocyte count <200 cells/mm3, matched by age, sex, smoking status and time since HIV diagnosis...

OBJECTIVE: Children with HIV (CWH) are at increased risk for cognitive and developmental delays. Whether HIV affects literacy development, however, remains unknown. Rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks offer the simplest preliteracy assessment a child can perform that predicts future reading skills across languages. DESIGN AND METHODS: RAN performance was analyzed cross-sectionally on 473 children (249 children without HIV and 217 CWH; ages 3-9) drawn from a longitudinal study in Tanzania...

BACKGROUND: Persons with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have persistent immune activation associated with increased risk for non-AIDS related diseases. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), endemic in Africa, may contribute to this immune dysregulation. We evaluated the impact of HIV and TB co-infection on plasma pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines among Kenyan adults. METHODS: We compared data from 221 PWH on long-term ART and 177 HIV-negative adults examining biomarkers of pro-[sCD14, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-12p70, IL-17A] and anti(IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) inflammatory cytokines, by HIV/LTBI status (HIV+LTBI+, HIV+LTBI-, HIV-LTBI+, HIV-LTBI-)...

OBJECTIVE: To examine and compare the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) between persons living with HIV (PLWH) with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). DESIGN: Population-based, multicenter, retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Data on PLWH between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020 were extracted from the TriNetX database. Primary outcomes were defined as the first incidence of myocardial infarction (MI), MACE, new-onset heart failure (HF), and a composite of cerebrovascular disease...

BACKGROUND: Attrition due to loss to follow-up or termination of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among HIV-infected patients in care may increase the risk of emergence and transmission of drug resistance (TDR), diminish benefit of treatment, and increase morbidity and mortality. Understanding the impact of attrition on the epidemic is essential to provide interventions for improving retention in care. METHODS: We developed a comprehensive HIV transmission dynamics model by considering CD4+ cell count dependent diagnosis, treatment, and attrition involving TDR and acquired drug resistance...

HIV (human-immunodeficiency-virus) and HCV (hepatitis-C-virus) infections cause millions of deaths across the world every year. Since the introduction of effective therapies for HIV, in the middle of 1990 s, and HCV, after 2013, those two untreatable infections became completely controlled. Donor safety is the main goal in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). An accurate pre-donation screening is mandatory for excluding risk factors related with any increase of donors' short-term and long-term morbidity...

OBJECTIVE: Depression is prevalent among persons with HIV (PWH) and is associated with poorer adherence and lack of viral load suppression (VLS). When treated for depression, PWH are more likely to stay in HIV care and adhere to medications; however, for many PWH, depression is not adequately diagnosed or treated. We adapted Progression and Transmission of HIV (PATH 3.0), a U.S. agent-based dynamic stochastic simulation model, by incorporating a continuum of depression care and estimating the impact on VLS of an enhanced depression diagnosis and care scenario (EDC)...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of switching highly treatment-experienced people with HIV (HTE PWH) from rilpivirine/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (RPV/FTC/TAF) plus dolutegravir (DTG) to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) plus doravirine (DOR). A pharmacokinetic (PK) analysis was conducted to assess the potential interaction between BIC and DOR. DESIGN AND METHODS: This open-label switch trial enrolled HTE PWH from a primary care private practice in the United States...

This study evaluated the association between the transmigration of monocyte subpopulations that contributes to atherosclerosis development, along with surrogate biomarkers of inflammation and atherosclerosis, through carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) measurements of 72 people with HIV (PWH) on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). We found that the transmigration of intermediate monocytes was positively correlated with D-dimer and cIMT, suggesting that intermediate monocytes may have a greater propensity to promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) in PWH on ART...

OBJECTIVES: Determine the independent contributions of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) metrics to balance instability in people with HIV (PWH) compared with people without HIV (PWoH). METHODS: Volumetric MRI (CNS) and two-point pedal discrimination (PNS) were tested as substrates of stance instability measured with balance platform posturography. DESIGN: 125 PWH and 88 PWoH underwent balance testing and brain MRI...

OBJECTIVE: :Point-of-care-testing (POCT) for HIV at community pharmacies can enhance care linkage compared with self-tests and increase testing uptake relative to standard lab testing. While the higher test uptake may increase testing costs, timely diagnosis and treatment can reduce downstream HIV treatment costs and improve health outcomes. This study provides the first evidence on the cost-effectiveness of pharmacist-led POCT versus HIV self-testing and standard lab testing. DESIGN: :Dynamic transmission model...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate the utility of a point-of-care (POC) urine tenofovir (TFV) assay, developed to objectively assess adherence, to predict HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in people failing first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). DESIGN: We retrospectively analyzed TFV levels as a biomarker of adherence in urine specimens collected during a clinical trial that enrolled adults with virologic failure on first-line ART in Uganda and South Africa. METHODS: Urine specimens were analyzed from participants on TFV-containing regimens who had a viral load >1,000 copies/mL and paired genotypic resistance test (GRT) results...