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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ilana Nikiforova, Royi Barnea, Shir Azulai, Sergio Susmallian
SETTING: In a private medical center, 300 patients who underwent a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) were classified into 4 groups according to their eating behaviors (EB) preoperatively. During a 3-year postoperative follow-up, dietary changes in relation to weight loss were studied. OBJECTIVES: To explore the influence of abnormal EB on the outcome of sleeve gastrectomy. BACKGROUND: Patients with morbid obesity often suffer from abnormal EB...
2019: Obesity Facts
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Pasquali, F Casanueva, M Haluzik, L van Hulsteijn, S Ledoux, M P Monteiro, J Salvador, F Santini, H Toplak, O M Dekkers
Obesity is an emerging condition, with a prevalence of ~20%. Although the simple measurement of BMI is likely a simplistic approach to obesity, BMI is easily calculated, and there are currently no data showing that more sophisticated methods are more useful to guide the endocrine work-up in obesity. An increased BMI leads to a number of hormonal changes. Additionally, concomitant hormonal diseases can be present in obesity and have to be properly diagnosed - which in turn might be more difficult due to alterations caused by body fatness itself...
January 2020: European Journal of Endocrinology
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REVIEW
Toshiki Kuno, Eriko Tanimoto, Sae Morita, Yuichi J Shimada
Patients with obesity often have multiple cardiovascular comorbidities as obesity is an established risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-e. g., heart failure (HF), coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, dysrhythmia, and venous thromboembolism. In the United States, obesity is the nationwide public health issue of the day with the prevalence exceeding 30%. It has become a substantial health and financial burden to the society and national healthcare system; the direct cost accounted for 150 billion US dollars in 2014...
2019: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
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REVIEW
Rafael de Cabo, Mark P Mattson
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 381, Issue 26, Page 2541-2551, December 2019.
December 26, 2019: New England Journal of Medicine
#5
REVIEW
Emma Ef Kleipool, Johannes An Dorresteijn, Yvo M Smulders, Frank Lj Visseren, Mike Jl Peters, Majon Muller
Due to an increasing number of older adults with (risk factors for) cardiovascular disease (CVD), the sum of older adults eligible for lipid-lowering drugs will increase. This has risen questions about benefits and harms of lipid-lowering therapy in older adults with a varying number of (cardiovascular) comorbidities and functional status. The heterogeneity in physical and functional health increases with age, leading to a much wider variety in cardiovascular risk and life expectancy than in younger adults...
February 2020: Heart
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REVIEW
Blair O'Neill, Paolo Raggi
Diets have been at the center of animated debates for decades and many claims have been made in one direction or the other by supporters of opposite camps, often with limited evidence. At times emphasis has been put on a single new aspect that the previous diets had overlooked and the new one was to embrace in order to improve weight loss and well-being. Unfortunately, very few randomized clinical trials involving diets have addressed the combined question of weight loss and cardiovascular outcomes. The recently introduced ketogenic diet requires a rigorous limitation of carbohydrates while allowing a liberal ingestion of fats (including saturated fats) and has generated a flurry of interest with many taking the pro position and as many taking the cons position...
January 2020: Atherosclerosis
#7
REVIEW
Ulrich Laufs, Klaus G Parhofer, Henry N Ginsberg, Robert A Hegele
Hypertriglyceridaemia is a common clinical problem. Epidemiologic and genetic studies have established that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) and their remnants as important contributors to ASCVD while severe hypertriglyceridaemia raises risk of pancreatitis. While low-density lipoprotein is the primary treatment target for lipid lowering therapy, secondary targets that reflect the contribution of TRL such as apoB and non-HDL-C are recommended in the current guidelines. Reduction of severely elevated triglycerides is important to avert or reduce the risk of pancreatitis...
January 1, 2020: European Heart Journal
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeffrey I Mechanick, Caroline Apovian, Stacy Brethauer, W Timothy Garvey, Aaron M Joffe, Julie Kim, Robert F Kushner, Richard Lindquist, Rachel Pessah-Pollack, Jennifer Seger, Richard D Urman, Stephanie Adams, John B Cleek, Riccardo Correa, M Kathleen Figaro, Karen Flanders, Jayleen Grams, Daniel L Hurley, Shanu Kothari, Michael V Seger, Christopher D Still
Objective: The development of these updated clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) was commissioned by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), The Obesity Society, American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Obesity Medicine Association, and American Society of Anesthesiologists Boards of Directors in adherence with the AACE 2017 protocol for standardized production of CPGs, algorithms, and checklists. Methods: Each recommendation was evaluated and updated based on new evidence from 2013 to the present and subjective factors provided by experts...
December 2019: Endocrine Practice
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amy Mullee, Dora Romaguera, Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard, Vivian Viallon, Magdalena Stepien, Heinz Freisling, Guy Fagherazzi, Francesca Romana Mancini, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Tilman Kühn, Rudolf Kaaks, Heiner Boeing, Krasimira Aleksandrova, Anne Tjønneland, Jytte Halkjær, Kim Overvad, Elisabete Weiderpass, Guri Skeie, Christine L Parr, J Ramón Quirós, Antonio Agudo, Maria-Jose Sánchez, Pilar Amiano, Lluís Cirera, Eva Ardanaz, Kay-Tee Khaw, Tammy Y N Tong, Julie A Schmidt, Antonia Trichopoulou, Georgia Martimianaki, Anna Karakatsani, Domenico Palli, Claudia Agnoli, Rosario Tumino, Carlotta Sacerdote, Salvatore Panico, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, W M Monique Verschuren, Jolanda M A Boer, Roel Vermeulen, Stina Ramne, Emily Sonestedt, Bethany van Guelpen, Pernilla Lif Holgersson, Konstantinos K Tsilidis, Alicia K Heath, David Muller, Elio Riboli, Marc J Gunter, Neil Murphy
IMPORTANCE: Soft drinks are frequently consumed, but whether this consumption is associated with mortality risk is unknown and has been understudied in European populations to date. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between total, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened soft drink consumption and subsequent total and cause-specific mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This population-based cohort study involved participants (n = 451 743 of the full cohort) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), an ongoing, large multinational cohort of people from 10 European countries (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom), with participants recruited between January 1, 1992, and December 31, 2000...
November 1, 2019: JAMA Internal Medicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robyn A Barnes, Tang Wong, Glynis P Ross, Michelle M Griffiths, Carmel E Smart, Clare E Collins, Lesley MacDonald-Wicks, Jeff R Flack
OBJECTIVE: Conventional gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) management focuses on managing blood glucose in order to prevent adverse outcomes. We hypothesized that excessive weight gain at first presentation with GDM (excessive gestational weight gain [EGWG]) and continued EGWG (cEGWG) after commencing GDM management would increase the risk of adverse outcomes, despite treatment to optimize glycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Data collected prospectively from pregnant women with GDM at a single institution were analyzed...
January 2020: Diabetes Care
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REVIEW
Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani, Mina Amiri
CONTEXT: Despite the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among adolescent females, considering the paucity of data focusing on this group and controversies documented on its recognition and management, the purpose of this review was to summarize challenges and recommendations of diagnosis and treatment for adolescents with PCOS. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: This review summarizes papers documented on PCOS among adolescent females...
July 2019: International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Paoli, Pasqualina Cancellara, Pierluigi Pompei, Tatiana Moro
Ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional regimen characterized by a high-fat and an adequate protein content and a very low carbohydrate level (less than 20 g per day or 5% of total daily energy intake). The insufficient level of carbohydrates forces the body to primarily use fat instead of sugar as a fuel source. Due to its characteristic, KD has often been used to treat metabolic disorders, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle constitutes 40% of total body mass and is one of the major sites of glucose disposal...
August 2019: Journal of Human Kinetics
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REVIEW
Isabel Cornejo-Pareja, Mercedes Clemente-Postigo, Francisco J Tinahones
Obesity is one of the most serious worldwide epidemics of the twenty-first century according to the World Health Organization. Frequently associated with a number of comorbidities, obesity threatens and compromises individual health and quality of life. Bariatric surgery (BS) has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment to achieve not only sustained weight loss but also significant metabolic improvement that goes beyond mere weight loss. The beneficial effects of BS on metabolic traits are so widely recognized that some authors have proposed BS as metabolic surgery that could be prescribed even for moderate obesity...
2019: Frontiers in Endocrinology
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
George A Bray
The Vermont overfeeding studies were published 50 y ago and began a change in the acceptance of obesity as a bona fide area of academic interest. This article chronicles the experience of the author with acute weight gain while overfeeding, in the context of current obesity research, and presents a glimpse of things to come. The pain associated with acute overeating is illustrated by the firsthand experience of the author. The rapid return to normal weight contrasts with the difficulty that almost all people with obesity experience when they attempt to lose and maintain weight loss...
January 1, 2020: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel A Guest, Debra A Bourne, Ian Chow, Jeffrey A Gusenoff, J Peter Rubin
BACKGROUND: The obese population has a higher incidence of mood disorders compared to individuals with normal body mass index (BMI). A better understanding of the unique psychosocial challenges faced by this patient population will allow physicians to better optimize patient psychosocial support systems perioperatively, as well as help the patient to maintain appropriate expectations. METHODS: A large, retrospective database of 1135 patients with greater than 50 pounds of weight loss was reviewed...
December 2019: Aesthetic Plastic Surgery
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REVIEW
Rachel Freire
New dietary strategies have been created to treat overweight and obesity and have become popular and widely adopted. Nonetheless, they are mainly based on personal impressions and reports published in books and magazines, rather than on scientific evidence. Animal models and human clinical trials have been employed to study changes in body composition and metabolic outcomes to determine the most effective diet. However, the studies present many limitations and should be carefully analyzed. The aim of this review was to discuss the scientific evidence of three categories of diets for weight loss...
January 2020: Nutrition
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REVIEW
Natalia Komorniak, Małgorzata Szczuko, Bartosz Kowalewski, Ewa Stachowska
Obesity is currently one of the biggest global health problems. In the case of severe obesity, bariatric surgeries are considered to be the most important method of treatment. The 2 most commonly performed bariatric surgery procedures include Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. However, these methods are not free from complications, and the most common ones (moderately long or long term) are micronutrient deficiencies. The deficiency of vitamins B6, B12, and folic acid as cofactors of the folate cycle contributes to the development of hyperhomocysteinemia...
November 2019: Obesity Surgery
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Babak Mokhlesi, Juan Fernando Masa, Jan L Brozek, Indira Gurubhagavatula, Patrick B Murphy, Amanda J Piper, Aiman Tulaimat, Majid Afshar, Jay S Balachandran, Raed A Dweik, Ronald R Grunstein, Nicholas Hart, Roop Kaw, Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho, Sushmita Pamidi, Bhakti K Patel, Susheel P Patil, Jean Louis Pépin, Israa Soghier, Maximiliano Tamae Kakazu, Mihaela Teodorescu
Background: The purpose of this guideline is to optimize evaluation and management of patients with obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). Methods: A multidisciplinary panel identified and prioritized five clinical questions. The panel performed systematic reviews of available studies (up to July 2018) and followed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation evidence-to-decision framework to develop recommendations. All panel members discussed and approved the recommendations. Recommendations: After considering the overall very low quality of the evidence, the panel made five conditional recommendations...
August 1, 2019: American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
#19
REVIEW
Bartosz Malinowski, Klaudia Zalewska, Anna Węsierska, Maya M Sokołowska, Maciej Socha, Grzegorz Liczner, Katarzyna Pawlak-Osińska, Michał Wiciński
Intermittent fasting is a form of time restricted eating (typically 16 h fasting and 8 h eating), which has gained popularity in recent years and shows promise as a possible new paradigm in the approach to weight loss and the reduction of inflammation, and has many potential long term health benefits. In this review, the authors will incorporate many aspects of fasting, mainly focusing on its effects on the cardiovascular system, involving atherosclerosis progression, benefits for diabetes mellitus type 2, lowering of blood pressure, and exploring other cardiovascular risk factors (such as lipid profile and inflammation)...
March 20, 2019: Nutrients
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Helmuth Haslacher, Hannelore Fallmann, Claudia Waldhäusl, Edith Hartmann, Oswald F Wagner, Werner K Waldhäusl
Purpose: To explore differences in baseline characteristics following three weeks of semi-standardized in-patient care between patients with obesity without and with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Patients and methods: Patients without or with T2D were matched according to age, sex, and BMI. Food intake was restricted to 1,200-1,600 kcal/d to which a 400-600 kcal/d exercise load was added, and data were compared using Student's t -test, general linear models, and Spearman-rank correlations. Results: At baseline, patients with obesity and T2D displayed, besides elevated blood glucose and HbA1c values, higher serum liver enzymes ( p <0...
2019: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
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