Continuous emission monitoring systems (CEMS) in India: Performance evaluation, policy gaps and financial implications for effective air pollution control.

Continuous Emission Monitoring Systems (CEMS) are devices used to measure and report real-time emission of air pollutants. Although CEMS have been extensively deployed in developed countries to ensure compliance with emission standards and enhance their environmental performance, their adoption in India is still in its early stages. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of CEMS in India, identify obstacles in terms of policy, regulation, technology and finance that impede their adoption and suggest mechanisms and incentives to facilitate their expansion. The findings indicate that CEMS offer benefits for air pollution control in India by improving monitoring accuracy, transparency, accountability and enforcement. The study also highlights institutional challenges faced by CEMS, including the absence of a certification system, lack of quality assurance measures, issues with data validation and challenges in its calibration as well as integration concerns with existing regulatory framework. To address these challenges effectively it is recommended that India must develop a policy framework for CEMS along with regulations. Essential steps such as establishing a certification and accreditation system should be taken while enhancing stakeholders' capacity and awareness.