Current Developments in Emerging Lanthanide-doped persistent luminescent scintillators and their applications.

Lanthanide-doped scintillators have the ability to convert the absorbed X-ray irradiation into ultraviolet (UV), visible (Vis), or near-infrared (NIR) light. Lanthanide-doped scintillators with excellent persistent luminescence are emerging as a new class of persistent luminescent materials recently. They have attracted great attention due to their unique "self-luminescence" characteristic and potential applications. In this review, we comb through and focus on current developments of lanthanide-doped persistent luminescent scintillators (PerLSs), including their persistent luminescence mechanism, synthetic methods, tuning of persistent luminescent properties (e.g. emission wavelength, intensity, and duration time), as well as their promising applications (e.g. information storage, encryption, anti-counterfeiting, bio-imaging, and photodynamic therapy). We hope this review will provide valuable guidance for the future development of PerLSs.