Specialty-Specific Trends in Surgery for Apical Pelvic Organ Prolapse Post Vaginal Mesh.

IMPORTANCE: Since transvaginal mesh (VM) kits for apical pelvic organ prolapse (APOP) were labeled "high-risk" in 2016 and subsequently banned in 2019 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the most common remaining surgical options include abdominal mesh-augmented sacrocolpopexy (AS) and transvaginal native tissue suspension (VN).

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine temporal trends in APOP procedures for urologists and gynecologists.

STUDY DESIGN: Between 2011 and 2020, the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried for AS, VM, and VN.

RESULTS: There were 26,477 cases of APOP repair (32% AS, 6% VM, 62% VN) included, 9% by urologists. Urologists operated on older (65 vs 61 years) patients with more medical comorbidities. Urologists performed significantly higher proportion of AS (65% vs 29%) and VM (8% vs 6%) relative to VN (27% vs 65%) than gynecologists (P < 0.0001). Transvaginal mesh utilization has decreased over time for both specialties (P < 0.05); nonsignificant trends toward increasing AS (P = 0.1646) in urologists and VN (P = 0.0913) in gynecologists concurrently occurred. Significant independent predictors of the operating surgeon being a urologist were surgery being performed in the latter half of the cohort (2016-2020; odds ratio [OR], 1.22), non-White patient race (OR < 1 for all), a concomitant sling being placed (OR = 0.89), the surgery being VM (OR = 2.95) or AS (OR = 4.36), the patient being older (OR > 1 for each age range), and having a higher frailty index score (OR = 1.16).

CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences in APOP repair choices exist between specialties. Urologists operate on older, more medically complex patients while demonstrating a strong preference for mesh-augmented compared with transvaginal native tissue repairs.