A microRNA528-ZmLac3 module regulates low phosphate tolerance in maize.

MicroRNAs are known to play a crucial role in plant development and physiology and become a target for investigating the regulatory mechanism underlying plant low phosphate tolerance. ZmmiR528 has been shown to display significantly different expression levels between wild-type and low Pi-tolerant maize mutants. However, its functional role in maize low Pi tolerance remains unknown. In the present study, we studied the role and underlying molecular mechanism of miR528 in maize with low Pi tolerance. Overexpression of ZmmiR528 in maize resulted in impaired root growth, reduced Pi uptake capacity and compromised resistance to Pi deficiency. By contrast, transgenic maize plants suppressing ZmmiR528 expression showed enhanced low Pi tolerance. Furthermore, ZmLac3 and ZmLac5 which encode laccase were identified and verified as targets of ZmmiR528. ZmLac3 transgenic plants were subsequently generated and were also found to play key roles in regulating maize root growth, Pi uptake and low Pi tolerance. Furthermore, auxin transport was found to be potentially involved in ZmLac3-mediated root growth. Moreover, we conducted genetic complementary analysis through the hybridization of ZmmiR528 and ZmLac3 transgenic plants and found a favorable combination with breeding potential, namely anti-miR528:ZmLac3OE hybrid maize, which exhibited significantly increased low Pi tolerance and markedly alleviated yield loss caused by low Pi stress. Our study has thus identified a ZmmiR528-ZmLac3 module regulating auxin transport and hence root growth, thereby determining Pi uptake and ultimately low Pi tolerance, providing an effective approach for low Pi tolerance improvement through manipulating the expression of miRNA and its target in maize.