Second Metatarsal Length and Transfer Ulcers After First Metatarsal Amputation in Diabetic Foot Infections.

BACKGROUND: Plantar transfer ulcers (TUs) underneath the second metatarsal head are frequent after first metatarsal ray amputations due to diabetic foot infections. Whether the second metatarsal length (2ML) is associated with TU occurrence in these patients is unclear. This study evaluated whether 2ML is associated with TU occurrence after first-ray amputations and whether ulcer-free survival is shorter in patients with "excess" 2ML.

METHODS: Forty-two patients with a mean age of 67 (range 33-93) years, diabetes, and first metatarsal ray amputation (first amputation at the affected foot) were included. Two independent readers measured the 2ML using the Coughlin method. A protrusion of more than 4.0 mm of the second metatarsal was defined as "excess" 2ML. The effect of 2ML on ulcer occurrence was analyzed using a multivariate Cox regression model. A Kaplan-Meier curve for TU-free survival was constructed comparing the 2 groups of "normal" (n = 21) and "excess" 2ML (n = 21).

RESULTS: Interrater reliability was excellent. TUs underneath the second metatarsal occurred in 15 (36%) patients. In agreement with our hypothesis, 2ML was nonsignificantly different in patients with TUs, recording a mean of 5.3 (SD 2.5) mm, compared to patients without 4.0 (SD 2.3) mm (hazard ratio [HR] 1.12, 95% CI 0.89-1.41), whereas insulin dependence was associated with ulcer occurrence (HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.11-0.99).

CONCLUSION: In our relatively small study population with a cutoff level of 4 mm for excess 2ML, ulcer-free survival was similar in patients with "normal" and "excess" 2ML.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective comparative study.