All-dielectric geometric metasurfaces for the generation and manipulation of perfect high-order Poincaré sphere beams.

A high-order Poincaré sphere (HOPS) can be used to describe high-order modes of waveguides and vector beams, since it generalizes the feature of spin and the orbital angular momentum of light. HOPS beams are such beams with polarization states on the HOPS, which have potential applications in optical manipulation and optical communication. In general, the intensity distribution of this kind of beam changes with the topological charge, which limits their practical applications. Based on the concept of perfect vortex beams (PVBs), perfect HOPS beams have been proposed to solve this problem. Here, a flexible and compact scheme based on all-dielectric metasurfaces for realizing and manipulating perfect HOPS beams at near-infrared wavelength was demonstrated. Geometric-phase-only manipulation was employed for simultaneously controlling the phase and polarization of the incident light. By varying the incident polarization, several selected polarization states on the HOPS could be realized by the proposed metasurface. Further, the single ultra-thin metasurface can also realize high quality multiplexing perfect HOPS beams that carry different topological charges. Finally, a cascaded metasurface system has been proposed for generating and manipulating multiple HOPS beams. This compact flat-optics-based scheme for perfect HOPS beam generation and manipulation demonstrated here can be used for on-chip optical manipulation and integrated optical communication in the future.