The assessment of circulating tumor DNA associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a diagnostic tool for liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in peripheral blood has become a promising noninvasive biomarker. However, the diagnostic potential of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA for liver cancer is controversial. Here, we aimed to access the diagnostic potential and clinicopathological features of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA in liver cancer and provide data support for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. The bivariate linear mixed models were used.

RESULTS: The AUC (area under the curve), pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.77, 0.42 and 0.98, respectively. The findings suggested that control type, sample source, research methods and thresholds were the potential sources of heterogeneity ( p  < 0.05). Additionally, this study also found that there were significant correlations between the hypermethylation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA and tumor size, TNM stage, distant metastasis, and HBV infection( p  < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA had the better diagnostic potential for liver cancer and might be an effective complementary tool for serum AFP assays in the early diagnosis of liver cancer.

PROSPERO: (No. CRD42023404984).[Figure: see text].