Expression and potential regulatory functions of Drosophila octopamine receptors in the female reproductive tract.

Aminergic signaling is known to play a critical role in regulating female reproductive processes in both mammals and insects. In Drosophila, the ortholog of noradrenaline, octopamine (OA), is required for ovulation as well as several other female reproductive processes. Two OA receptors have already been shown to be expressed in the Drosophila reproductive tract and to be required for egg-laying: OAMB and Octβ2R. The Drosophila genome contains four additional OA receptors- Octα2R, Octβ1R, Octβ3R, and Oct/TyrR-but their cellular patterns of expression in the reproductive tract and potential contribution(s) to egg-laying are not known. In addition, the mechanisms by which OAMB and Octβ2R regulate reproduction are incompletely understood. Using a panel of MiMIC Gal4 lines, we show that Octα2R, Octβ1R, Octβ3R, and Oct/TyrR receptors are not detectable in either epithelium or muscle but are clearly expressed in neurons within the female fly reproductive tract. Optogenetic activation of neurons that express at least three types of OA receptors stimulate contractions in the lateral oviduct. We also find that octopamine stimulates calcium transients in the sperm storage organs and that its effects in spermathecal, secretory cells can be blocked by knock-down of OAMB. These data extend our understanding of the pathways by which octopamine regulates egg-laying in Drosophila and raise the possibility that multiple OA receptor subtypes could play a role in this process.