Effect of Multiple Micronutrient Fortification on Physico-Chemical and Sensory Properties of Chhash (Traditional Indian Yogurt-Based Drink).

INTRODUCTION: Micronutrient malnutrition is a persistent problem in India mainly due to low dietary diversity and poor nutrient density of staple foods. The addition of a commercial micronutrient mix in terms of physico-chemical and sensory characteristics was evaluated.

METHODS: The yogurt prepared with reduce-fat milk (2%), 20 g/L CHN-11 fermentation culture and 12 h incubation (42 °C) was diluted at a rate of 35% to yield a 32 mg/100 mL concentration. The premix provided vitamin A, vitamin D, folic acid, iodine, iron, and zinc oxide to cover ~20⁻35% recommended RDA (recommended dietary allowance) per serving (250 mL). A three-factorial design, 2 treatments (control and fortified), 3 temperatures (4, 25, and 40 °C) and 4 time points (1, 2, 3 and 6 days), was used to analyze the physico-chemical properties in terms of titratable acidity, pH, color, and viscosity. A discriminatory sensory test (triangle) was performed with college students ( n = 58) and mothers with young children ( n = 25), who were living in Mehsana, India to evaluate the difference between fortified and non-fortified cooled (4 °C) product.

RESULTS: Fortification did not affect most of the physico-chemical properties of chhash. As expected, titratable acidity increased whereas pH decreased with increasing storage time and temperature. Fortified samples showed higher b* values, whereas L* and a* were not affected. Viscosity changed due to temperature and time, but not fortification. Participants could not discriminate between samples in terms of color, aroma, and taste.

CONCLUSION: Fortification of chhash is technically feasible.