Cancer-Related Systemic Inflammation: The Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities for Personalized Medicine.

Over the last decade there has been significant progress towards the development of personalized or "precision" medicine for many patients with cancer. However, there still remain subpopulations of cancer patients that do not possess a tumor mutation profile that is successfully targeted by the newer molecular anticancer drugs and further personalized approaches are needed. The presence of cancer-related systemic inflammation represents an underappreciated subpopulation of cancer patients needing personalized therapy. For ∼25% of all advanced cancer patients, regardless of histological subtype, the patients with systemic inflammation have significantly poorer response to chemotherapy and also shorter overall survival compared to those cancer patients without inflammation. The development of cancer-related systemic inflammation involves interactions between host and tumor cells that are potential new drug targets in cancer chemotherapy. In this review we discuss the challenges and clinical opportunities to develop new therapeutic strategies for this underappreciated drug target.