Prevalence and Impact of Chronic Endometritis in Patients With Intrauterine Adhesions: A Prospective Cohort Study.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and impact of chronic endometritis (CE) in patients with intrauterine adhesions (IUAs).

DESIGN: Prospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).

SETTING: University-affiliated hospital.

PATIENTS: Eighty-two women with moderate to severe IUAs.

INTERVENTIONS: Transcervical resection of adhesions (TCRA) and endometrial biopsy were performed in all patients. According to results of the endometrial biopsy, participants were classified into 2 groups: 29 patients with CE (CE group) and 53 women without CE (NCE group). Second-look hysteroscopy assessed the impact of TCRA using the American Fertility Society classification system.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Prevalence of CE, reformation of adhesions, and reduction of adhesion score were studied. Thirty-one women (37.8%) presented with visual signs of CE at hysteroscopy, confirmed by histology in 29 of 82 patients (35.4%). In hysteroscopic diagnosis of CE, sensitivity and specificity were 79.3% (23/29) and 84.9% (45/53), respectively. At second-look hysteroscopy, the recurrence of adhesions in the CE group was significantly higher than in the NCE group (44.8% vs 20.8%, respectively; p = .022). The median reduction of adhesion score was significantly greater in the NCE group (median, 8; range, 0-12) than in the CE group (median, 5; range, 0-10).

CONCLUSION: CE in women with IUAs may be a contributing factor in higher adhesion recurrence, indicating chronic inflammation may play a role in IUA recurrence. (Clinical Trial Registration No.: NCT02744807.).