Ethical issues in the care of Jehovah's Witnesses.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the belief's of Jehovah's Witnesses regarding the use of blood and blood products, and how to ensure that those patients professing to be Jehovah's Witnesses are treated ethically.

RECENT FINDINGS: There are a number of blog sites that have reported that Jehovah's Witnesses have changed their position on transfusion, but communications with them have revealed these reports to be untrue. Most articles about the treatment of Jehovah's Witnesses focus on respect for personal autonomy and the right to refuse treatment. Although this is imperative, especially in the USA, it is important not only to respect this right, but also to ensure that the patient understands all of his or her options, is making these decisions free of coercion, is optimally prepared for surgery and that the anesthesia provider is fully prepared. The anesthesiologist's rights should be respected as well.

SUMMARY: When treating a patient that may be one of Jehovah's Witnesses, the principle of respect for autonomy is not the only principle that must be heeded. Adherence to the principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence and sometimes justice is paramount as well.