Advances in ureterorenoscopy.

There has been a shift toward minimally invasive surgery in all surgical subspecialties in recent decades. Ureterorenoscopy represents an area in which there have been numerous advances that have resulted in excellent patient outcomes with low morbidity. Technologic advances such as miniaturization of ureteroscopes and improved video imaging have expanded the indications for ureteroscopy. The entire upper urinary tract can now be accessed for diagnosis and treatment of many common urologic conditions. Technologic research and development will continue to drive future improvements in the technique and applications for ureteroscopy.