[Prevalence of the glucose metabolism disturbances in screening of adult inhabitants of Krakow].

OBJECTIVES: In Poland, similarly like in the other European countries type 2 diabetes screening and prevention projects have been run. In Krakow, Krakow's Municipality had undertaken a decision of financing a prevention program directed to adult inhabitants of the city. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of the glucose metabolism disturbances in adult inhabitants of Krakow city.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study was conducted in 2004-2005 in 42 Krakow's primary health care units in patients aged over 25, not treated due to the diabetes type 2 and/or coronary artery disease, with no history of myocardial infarction or stroke. In all study participants anthropometric examination, blood pressure and fasting glucose were measured. Diabetes risk score (DRS) and fasting glyceamia were used to classify patients to receive oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

RESULTS: 40989 people (67.2% women and 32.8% men) aged 25 to 97 were examined. 12495 people received OGTT, in 1858 fasting glycaemia measurement was repeated. In 15.1% of men and 12.7% of women impaired glucose metabolism was found (p < 0.01). IFG was found in 5.9% men and 4.7% women (p < 0.01). The prevalence of IGT was the same in men and women (3.7% vs 3.8%, ns). Newly diagnosed diabetes type was found in 5.5% men and 4.2 % of women (p < 0.01). The prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism was increasing with age in men and women, in all categories of glucose disturbances, age related trends were statistically significant. Overweight was more frequent in men than in women (50.3% vs 36.8%, p < 0.0001), while obesity was more frequent in women compared to men (20.7% vs 19.5%, p < 0.02). Obesity was statistically more frequent in people with impaired glucose metabolism compared to those with normal glucose tolerance. Overweight was more frequent in women with impaired glucose metabolism compared to women with normal glucose metabolism, no relation with overweight was observed in men.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes is increased in people aged over 55, what confirms the necessity of screening in this group of age. Due to more prevalent newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and IFG in men, in all age groups implementation of routine screening for impaired glucose metabolism in men aged over 35 should be considered. Results of the study confirm the importance of the implementation of early prevention programs focused on lifestyle modification, especially addressed to men.