Blood clotting

AIM: The current study was carried out to assess the interaction between fibrin clots and dental implants following various surface treatments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this investigation, 45 dental implants with dimensions of 16 mm in length and 5 mm in diameter were utilized. They were divided up into three groups, each consisting of fifteen samples. Group I: Control; Group II: Ultraviolet (UV) light treated; and group III: Sandblasted and acid-etching (SLA) treated...

AIM: The objective of this study was to assess marginal bone level around single implants inserted in fresh extraction sockets in the anterior maxillary region and instantly restored with computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing customized temporary crowns cemented on the final abutment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 patients (15 females and 5 males, with a mean age of 30 years), where 20 were placed in fresh extraction sockets. After raising a full-thickness flap, atraumatic extraction was performed the implant site was prepared and fixtures were stabilized on the palatal bone wall...

Compared to an incisional skin or mucosal wound, a tooth extraction wound results in far more soft tissue loss. A blood clot instantly fills the gap left by the extracted tooth. An embryonic type of bone forms during the healing of extraction wounds, and mature bone only later replaces it. Osteocytes in embryonic bone, also known as coarse fibrillar bone or immature bone, differ from those in adult bone in terms of number, size, and irregular arrangement. This immature bone is more radiolucent than mature bone due to the higher cell density and the smaller volume of calcified intercellular material...

Aspirin is widely used for primary or secondary prevention of ischemic events. At the same time, chronic aspirin consumption can affect blood clot formation during surgical intervention and increase intraoperative blood loss . This is especially important for high-risk surgery, including neurosurgery. Current European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend aspirin interruption for at least 7 d before neurosurgical intervention, but this suggestion is not supported by clinical evidence. This narrative review presents evidence that challenges the necessity for aspirin interruption in neurosurgical patients, describes options for aspirin effect monitoring and the clinical implication of these methods, and summarizes current clinical data on bleeding risk associated with chronic aspirin therapy in neurosurgical patients, including brain tumor surgery, cerebrovascular procedures, and spinal surgery...

OBJECTIVE: Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) refers to a clot in a deep vein caused by various reasons. If such a clot becomes dislodged, it can return to the vein and lead to pulmonary embolism (PE), which can cause death in severe cases. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Safflower yellow combined with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for the prevention of DVT after orthopedic surgery. METHODS: A comprehensive search of randomized controlled studies (RCTs) of Safflower yellow combined with LMWH for the prevention of DVT after orthopedic surgery was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases from January 2000 to June 2021...

Intravascular blood clots are subject to hydrodynamic shear and other forces that cause clot deformation and rupture (embolization). A portion of the ruptured clot can block blood flow in downstream vessels. The mechanical stability of blood clots is determined primarily by the 3D polymeric fibrin network that forms a gel. Previous studies have primarily focused on the rupture of blood plasma clots under tensile loading (Mode I), our current study investigates the rupture of fibrin induced by shear loading (Mode II), dominating under physiological conditions induced by blood flow...

AIM: To assess the efficacy of heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB) in promoting alveolar bone healing after tooth extraction in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The upper right incisors of 48 Wistar rats were extracted. Toothless sockets were filled with HFB (HFBG, n = 24) or blood clot (BCG, n = 24). The tooth extraction sites were subjected to micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical (for Runt-related transcription factor 2/Runx2 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/TRAP) analyses on days 0, 7, 14 and 42 after extraction...

BACKGROUND: Thromboelastometry (TEM) provides a comprehensive overview of the entire coagulation process and has not been evaluated in heatstroke-induced coagulopathies in dogs. OBJECTIVES: To determine the diagnostic and prognostic utility of TEM in dogs with heatstroke. ANIMALS: Forty-two client-owned dogs with heatstroke. METHODS: Prospective observational study. Blood samples for intrinsic and extrinsic TEM (INTEM and EXTEM, respectively) were collected at presentation and every 12 to 24 hours for 48 hours...

BACKGROUND: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is the most promising candidate to become the first migraine biomarker. However, literature shows clashing results and suggests a methodological source for such discrepancies. We aimed to investigate some of these methodological factors to evaluate the actual role of CGRP as biomarker. METHODS: Previous to the experimental part, we performed a literature review of articles measuring CGRP in migraine patients. Using our 399 bio-bank sera samples, we performed a series of experiments to test the validity of different ELISA kits employed, time of sample processing, long-term storage, sampling in rest or after moderate exercise...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is characterised by abnormal blood clotting resulting from severe infection, contributing to organ dysfunction in sepsis. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is an endogenous lipid mediator, synthesised from the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) through enzymatic processes involving 15-LOX and 5-LOX. RvD1 is recognised for its protective properties against various inflammatory conditions...

Tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) is highly promising in developing electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) sensors for biomolecular detection, owing to its inherit programmability, spatial orientation and structural robustness. However, current interrogation strategies applied for TDN-based E-AB sensors, including enzyme-based amperometry, voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, either require complicated probe design or suffer from limited applicability or selectivity. In this study, a TDN pendulum-empowered E-AB sensor interrogated by chronoamperometry for reagent-free and continuous monitoring of a blood clotting enzyme, thrombin, was developed...

Bleeding causes ~5.8 million deaths globally; half of the patients die if rapid hemostasis is not achieved. Here, we report a chitosan-casein (CC)-based nanofibrous polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) that could clot blood within 10 s in the rat femoral artery model in vivo. The nanofiber formation by self-assembly was also optimized for process parameters (concentration, mixing ratio, pH, and ultrasonication). Results showed that increasing the concentration of chitosan from 10 % to 90 % in the formulation increased the productivity (r = 0...

We report an unexpected death of a 22-year-old primigravida who was admitted to the hospital with sudden abdominal pain two days before a scheduled delivery. During an emergency caesarean section due to intrauterine asphyxia, intraabdominal bleeding was observed with no apparent source of bleeding. Newly formed blood clots in the subdiaphragmatic space and arterial bleeding near the splenic hilum required a surgery on the next day. Hemorrhagic shock led to multiple organ failure on the fourth day of admission...

BACKGROUND: Bypassing agents are used for breakthrough bleedings in patients with hemophilia A with inhibitor (PwHAwI) receiving emicizumab prophylaxis. Previous study demonstrated a weak binding affinity between emicizumab and factor (F)X (Kd; 1.85 μM), and that this value was much greater than the plasma FX concentration (~130 nM). We speculated that increased FX levels could enhance coagulation potential in emicizumab-treated PwHA. AIMS: To investigate the relationship between FX concentrations and emicizumab-driven coagulation...

Consistent with the biochemistry of coronaviruses as well established over decades, SARS-CoV-2 makes its initial attachment to host cells through the binding of its spike protein (SP) to sialylated glycans (containing the monosaccharide sialic acid) on the cell surface. The virus can then slide over and enter via ACE2. SARS-CoV-2 SP attaches particularly tightly to the trillions of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets and endothelial cells in the human body, each cell very densely coated with sialic acid surface molecules but having no ACE2 or minimal ACE2...

Inherited defects in the genes of blood coagulation essentially express the severity of the clinical phenotype that is directly correlated to the number of mutated alleles of the candidate leader gene (e.g., heterozygote vs. homozygote) and of possible additional coinherited traits. The F5 gene, which codes for coagulation factor V (FV), plays a two-faced role in the coagulation cascade, exhibiting both procoagulant and anticoagulant functions. Thus, defects in this gene can be predisposed to either bleeding or thrombosis...

The human Vitamin K Epoxide Reductase Complex (hVKORC1), a key enzyme that converts vitamin K into the form necessary for blood clotting, requires for its activation the reducing equivalents supplied by its redox partner through thiol-disulphide exchange reactions. The functionally related molecular complexes assembled during this process have never been described, except for a proposed de novo model of a 'precursor' complex of hVKORC1 associated with protein disulphide isomerase (PDI). Using numerical approaches ( in silico modelling and molecular dynamics simulation), we generated alternative 3D models for each molecular complex bonded either covalently or non-covalently...

The development of bone-filling biomaterials capable of delivering in situ bone growth promoters or therapeutic agents is a key area of research. We previously developed a biomaterial constituting biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) microparticles embedded in an autologous blood or plasma clot, which induced bone-like tissue formation in ectopic sites and mature bone formation in orthotopic sites, in small and large animals. More recently, we showed that activated carbon (AC) fiber cloth is a biocompatible material that can be used, due to its multiscale porosity, as therapeutic drug delivery system...

Abnormal blood coagulation is a major health problem and natural anticoagulants from blood-feeding organisms have been investigated as novel therapeutics. NAPc2, a potent nematode-derived inhibitor of coagulation, has an unusual mode of action that requires coagulation factor Xa but does not inhibit it. Molecular dynamics simulations of NAPc2 and factor Xa were generated to better understand NAPc2. The simulations suggest that parts of NAPc2 become more rigid upon binding factor Xa and reveal that two highly conserved residues form an internal salt bridge that stabilises the bound conformation...

This preliminary study aimed to investigate an ActiGraft blood clot implant (RedDress Ltd., Pardes-Hanna, Israel) attempting to treat and induce the regeneration of a completely injured peripheral nerve with a massive loss defect. The tibial portion of the sciatic nerve in 11 rabbits was transected, and a 25 mm nerve gap was reconnected using a collagen tube. A comparison was performed between the treatment group (eight rabbits; reconnection using a tube filled with ActiGraft blood clot) and the control group (three rabbits; gap reconnection using an empty tube)...