Cancer and pregnancy

Background Anal cancer disproportionately affects sexual and gender minority individuals living with HIV. High-resolution anoscopy (HRA) is an in-clinic procedure to detect precancerous anal lesions and cancer, yet prospective data on factors associated with HRA attendance are lacking. We examined whether anal HPV sampling at home versus in a clinic impacts HRA uptake and assessed HRA acceptability. Methods Sexual and gender minority individuals were randomised to home-based self-sampling or clinical sampling...

INTRODUCTION: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a thromboembolic disease of the intracranial venous systems. The disease can be difficult to diagnose as it often requires a high index of suspicion. Risk factors for the disease include pregnancy, oral contraceptive pills, congenital thrombophilia, infection, cancer, polycythemia, head trauma, and recent surgery. However, there have been no studies in the United States that have examined whether pregnancy and the postpartum stage are truly a risk factor for CVT...

INTRODUCTION: visual inspection is a low-cost screening strategy that can be used to prevent cervical cancer in women. These techniques can improve screening health outcomes for internally displaced women (IDW) who have poor sexual and reproductive health and rights' behaviors and outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of precancerous lesions and other clinical features using a visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) technique during a cervical cancer screening campaign in two internally displaced people (IDP) camps in Benue State, Nigeria...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) detection and HPV vaccination among women undergoing cervical cancer screening during the HPV vaccination era at Siriraj Hospital - Thailand's largest national tertiary referral center. METHODS: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at our center's outpatient gynecology clinic during September-December 2021. Women aged ≥18 years with no previous hysterectomy, no history of preinvasive or invasive cervical cancer, and no current pregnancy who visited for cervical cancer screening were eligible for enrollment...

OBJECTIVE: To study the fertility outcomes of women who tried to conceive after breast cancer treatment and fertility preservation. DESIGN: Retrospective observational, bicentric cohort study. SUBJECTS AND EXPOSURE: All patients who had undergone fertility preservation before breast cancer treatment between January 2013, and July 2019 were included (n=844). The end-point date was March 1, 2022. Patients with missing data on pregnancy attempts after cancer diagnosis (n=195) were excluded from the pregnancy analysis...

Although adequate nutritional status during pregnancy is necessary to support optimal fetal development, many low-income women have poor access to fresh, high-nutrient foods. To address these challenges, a pediatric fruit and vegetable (FV) prescription program was expanded to include pregnant women, providing one prescription for fresh FVs worth 15 US dollars during each prenatal office visit for redemption at farmers'/mobile markets. This analysis describes baseline sociodemographic characteristics, food security, and dietary intake among 253 pregnant women in Flint, Michigan in 2022-23...

Background and Objectives : Despite advancements in detection and treatment, cervical cancer remains a significant health concern, particularly among young women of reproductive age. Limited data exists in the literature regarding fertility-sparing treatment (FST) of cervical cancers with tumor sizes greater than 2 cm. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the reproductive outcomes of women diagnosed with cervical cancer greater than 2 cm who underwent FST. Materials and Methods : A comprehensive search of the literature was carried out on the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Methodology Register), the Health Technology Assessment Database, and Web of Science...

Obesity is a fast-growing epidemic affecting more than 40% of the US population and leads to co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes and cancer. More importantly, there is a rapid increase in childhood obesity associated with obesity in parents. Further, offspring are encoded with approximately half of their genetic information from the paternal side. Obesity in fathers at the preconceptional period likely influences the intergenerational development of obesity. This study focuses on the role of fish oil supplementation as a non-pharmacological intervention in fathers and its impact on childhood obesity using animal models...

PURPOSE: Nurses are particularly at risk for occupational exposure to hazardous cancer drugs, risking both acute and chronic health effects. Knowledge on the implemented safety precautions into minimizing these risks is limited. METHODS: The European Cancer Nursing Index (ECNI) was developed by the European Oncology Nursing Society (EONS) to illustrate the development and status of this profession. In this study, anonymous online survey data on occupational safety reported by European cancer nurses as part of the ECNI 2022, was analysed...

Inherited thrombophilia (IT) workup is commonly pursued in venous thromboembolism (VTE) patients. Recent American Society of Hematology (ASH) guidelines recommend a selective approach to IT testing, nevertheless, evidence on whether thrombophilia testing can actually improve patient-important outcomes through tailored management is limited. Data from the large prospective RIETE registry was analyzed to compare VTE risk factors, management and outcomes between patients who were tested for IT and untested patients, during anticoagulant treatment and following its discontinuation...

BACKGROUND: pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) affects one in 3000 pregnancies, often presenting with aggressive features. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated a cohort of 282 young BC patients (≤45 years old) treated between 1995 and 2019, dividing them into three groups: nulliparous women, women with PABC (diagnosed within 2 years since last pregnancy) and women with BC diagnosed > 2 years since last pregnancy. This last group was further stratified according to the time between pregnancy and BC...

BACKGROUND: Due to the rarity of ovarian cancer diagnosed during pregnancy, the literature on the treatment of subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer in pregnancy is sparse. The aim of our review was to analyze cases of high-grade serous ovarian cancer in pregnancy. METHODS: The PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles published in English between January 2000 and December 2023. The references of all the relevant reviews found were also checked to avoid omitting eligible studies...

Gynecological and obstetric infectious diseases are crucial to women's health. There is growing evidence that links the presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum ( F. nucleatum ), an anaerobic oral commensal and potential periodontal pathogen, to the development and progression of various human diseases, including cancers. While the role of this opportunistic oral pathogen has been extensively studied in colorectal cancer in recent years, research on its epidemiological evidence and mechanistic link to gynecological diseases (GDs) is still ongoing...

BACKGROUND: In cancer biology, circRAD18 promotes glucose metabolism, potentially indicating its involvement in glucose metabolism-related disorders, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study investigated the predictive role of circRAD18 in GDM and its potential adverse effects. METHODS: A total of 482 women who intended to get pregnant in short-term were enrolled. For those who successfully conceived, plasma samples were collected and followed up until delivery to monitor the occurrence of GDM and its associated adverse events...

OBJECTIVES: In the etiology of childhood cancers, many genetic and environmental factors play a role. One of these factors could be cigarette smoking, and the main source of tobacco smoke exposure of children is parental smoking. However, establishing a causal relationship between parental smoking and childhood cancers has proven challenging due to difficulties in accurately detecting tobacco smoke exposure METHODS: To address this issue, we used hair cotinine analysis and a questionnaire to get information about tobacco smoke exposures of pediatric cancer patients and healthy children...

Because of its enhanced antitumor efficacy, lapatinib (LAP) is commonly used clinically in combination with the anthracycline drug doxorubicin (DOX) to treat metastatic breast cancer. While it is well recognized that this combination chemotherapy can lead to an increased risk of cardiotoxicity in adult women, its potential cardiotoxicity in the fetus during pregnancy remains understudied. Here, we aimed to examine the combination of LAP chemotherapy and DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in the fetus using a zebrafish embryonic system and investigate the underlying pathologic mechanisms...

Progesterone is a natural steroid hormone, while progestins are synthetic molecules. In the female reproductive system, progesterone contributes to the control of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion and their pulsatility, via its receptors on the kisspeptin, neurokinin B, and dynorphin neurons in the hypothalamus. Progesterone together with estradiol controls the cyclic changes of proliferation and decidualization of the endometrium; exerts anti-mitogenic actions on endometrial epithelial cells; regulates normal menstrual bleeding; contributes to fertilization and pregnancy maintenance; participates in the onset of labor...

The effects of PM2.5 on human health fluctuate greatly among various age groups, influenced by a range of physiological and immunological reactions. This paper compares the pathogenesis of the disease caused by PM2.5 in people of different ages, focusing on how children, adults, and the elderly are each susceptible to it because of differences in their bodies. Regarding children, exposure to PM2.5 is linked to many negative consequences. These factors consist of inflammation, oxidative stress, and respiratory problems, which might worsen pre-existing conditions and potentially cause neurotoxicity and developmental issues...

We report a case of an Ewing-like sarcoma of the gluteal region with ongoing growth during the second trimester of pregnancy and noted during the third trimester. This lesion was consequently studied to infer its malignant potential. Several examinations were conducted to characterise this lesion, such as ultrasound and MR, which showed signs of tumourous invasion of the deep tissues of the gluteal region.Given that the pregnancy was at the end of the third trimester, the decision was made to schedule the delivery at 37 weeks of gestation and treat the tumour afterwards to balance maternal and fetal health...

The developmental origins of health and disease concept highlights the impact of early environments on chronic non-communicable diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Studies using animal models have investigated how maternal factors such as undernutrition, overnutrition, obesity, and exposure to chemicals or hypoxia affect fetal development and offspring health, leading to issues like low birth weight, high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Given the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among reproductive-age women, effective interventions are critical...