Central precocious puberty

Purpose: Overweight/obese girls tend to have an earlier pubertal onset. However, only few studies on the progression of puberty in these girls are reported. This study aimed to identify risk factors for rapid pubertal progression in overweight/obese girls presenting with precocious breast development. Methods: This retrospective cohort study reviewed the medical records of 110 overweight (OW, BMI >85P for age and sex) and 213 non-overweight (NW, BMI <85P for age and sex) girls who presented with breast budding before 8 years of age...

Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) are nonneoplastic mass lesions located in the hypothalamus that can cause central precocious puberty (CPP) and/or gelastic seizures. Seckel syndrome 5 (OMIM210600, SCKL5) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic spectrum disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, proportionate osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, a wide range of intellectual disability, "bird-headed" facial features, and microcephaly with various structural brain abnormalities. Two siblings presented with short stature and small head circumference and were diagnosed with SCKL 5...

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OBJECTIVE: The onset of puberty in children is occurring at an increasingly earlier ages. During the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, children experienced epidemic-related changes such as stress, sedentary lifestyle, and weight gain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Auxological, clinical, endocrinological, and radiological data in the files of 57 patients who were given gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog therapy with the diagnosis of central precocious puberty between April 1 and July 1, 2019 (group 1) and April 1 and July 1, 2020 (group 2) were analyzed retrospectively...

OBJECTIVES: Urinary luteinizing hormone (uLH) and urinary follicle-stimulating hormone (uFSH) have been shown to be useful screening and management tools for children with central precocious puberty. However, studies on uLH and uFSH reference intervals are scarce. Therefore, we aimed to establish reference intervals for uLH and uFSH, according to age, sex, and pubertal status in apparently healthy children aged 6-11 years. METHODS: We performed detection capability, precision, accuracy by recovery, linearity, agreement analysis, and stability testing to analyze the method performance of uLH and uFSH...

PURPOSE: We examined endocrine manifestations in a cohort of paediatric patients with IC-GCTs at diagnosis and during follow-up, integrating clinical, radiological, histopathological and laboratory data. METHODS: Diabetes insipidus (DI), growth hormone deficiency (GHD), hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, precocious puberty (PP)/hypogonadism were diagnosed clinically and biochemically. The prevalence of endocrine manifestations was compared to survival rates...

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to analyze vitamin D status and PTH concentrations in 6- to 8-year-old girls with central precocious puberty. METHODS: A cross-sectional clinical and blood testing study (calcium, phosphorus, 25(OH)D and PTH) was carried out in 78 girls with central precocious puberty (CPP group), aged 6.1-7.9 years. A control group was recruited (137 prepubertal girls, aged 6.1-8.2 years). The criteria of the US Endocrine Society were used for the definition of hypovitaminosis D...

Puberty is initiated from the continuous and growing pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus and then the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Numerous factors involve pubertal initiation whose abnormality may come from dysfunction of these regulators. Makorin RING finger protein 3 (MKRN3) inhibits the secretion of GnRH and plays indispensable roles during the development of pubertal onset, and mutations of MKRN3 showed the commonest genetic cause of central precocious puberty (CPP)...

Central precocious puberty is the premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to an early epiphyseal fusion and, in many cases, heights below the genetic target. Therefore, a proper adult stature prediction is essential for the treatment decision. OBJECTIVE: To compare the concordance of final height using height prediction made by two validated methods versus the ge netic target height in girls who consulted due to central precocious puberty. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Retrospective, non-concurrent cohort study including 93 girls with central precocious puberty, who were not treated with LHRH analogs and had reached their final adult height...

BACKGROUND: Pituitary stalk thickening (PST) is a rare abnormality in the pediatric population. Its etiology is heterogeneous. The aim of the study was to identify important clinical, radiological and endocrinological manifestations of patients with PST and follow the course of the disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a study conducted in 23 patients (13 boys) with PST with/without central diabetes insipidus (CDI) diagnosed between 1990 and 2020 at Children's Memorial Health Institute (CMHI) in Warsaw, Poland...

OBJECTIVES: Owing to increase in referrals for precocity observed during COVID-19 lockdown, this study was conducted to estimate the proportion of patients referred for precocity and within these, those with idiopathic central precocious puberty (iCPP) before vs. during the COVID lockdown, and to assess the differences in anthropometric and clinical characteristics among iCPP patients in the two groups. METHODOLOGY: Retrospective study conducted at a tertiary level paediatric endocrinology centre (Western India) evaluating proportion of referrals for precocity and comparing demographics, anthropometry, pubertal staging and bone age at presentation among children with iCPP divided into two groups (pre-lockdown-group 1, lockdown-group 2)...

OBJECTIVES: The golden standard test for diagnosing central precocious puberty (CPP) is the gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulation test, which has many limitations. This study aimed to investigate the value of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and basal luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in diagnosing CPP. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of the levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and basal LH in girls with a chief complaint of premature breast development...

Objectives: To determine the clinical spectrum and underlying etiologies of children presented with precocious puberty at The Children's Hospital &The Institute of Child health, Lahore. Methods: It is a retrospective review of all the children presented with precocious puberty over one year, from January 2015 to December 2015; at the department of Paediatric Endocrinology & Diabetes, The Children's Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Results: Total 43 cases of precocious puberty (PP), with 26 females were reported in one year...

Objective: Early puberty is development of secondary sex characteristics earlier than the expected normal age range. We considered that the frequency of early puberty increased during the COVID-19 lockdown and aimed to show the clinical, demographic characteristics of the cases and the change in its incidence. Subjects and Methods: Female patients with central precocious puberty (CPP, n=28) and rapidly progressive early puberty (RPEP, n=61) presented to our clinic before (January 2019-March 2020) and during COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020-June 2021) were included...

BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity has important effects on the onset and development of puberty. Although a number of studies have confirmed the relationship between obesity and precocious puberty, little is known about the pleiotropic genes of obesity and precocious puberty and the interaction between genes and environment. There are four objectives: (1) to analyze the incidence of precocious puberty in the general population in China; (2) to verify the direct effect of obesity on children's precocious puberty using a variety of methods; (3) to verify the effect of obesity and its risk gene polymorphism on precocious puberty in a prospective cohort study; and (4) to analyze the interaction effect of genes and environment on pubertal development...

Precocious puberty, as a common pediatric endocrine disease, can be divided into central precocious puberty and peripheral precocious puberty, even though most cases of precocious puberty are diagnosed as central precocious puberty. According to its etiology, central precocious puberty can be further divided into organic and idiopathic central precocious puberty. However, the mechanisms of idiopathic central precocious puberty have not yet been fully elucidated. Currently, four genes, including the kisspeptin gene, the kisspeptin receptor gene, the makorin ring finger protein 3, and the delta-like noncanonical Notch ligand 1, have been implicated in central precocious puberty cases, of which delta-like noncanonical Notch ligand 1 has been determined to represent a key, recently found central precocious puberty-related gene...

Purpose: Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended to identify the existence of intracranial lesions in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). Yet, the routine MRI scan in girls with CPP is still debatable, as the pathological finding in girls with CPP older than six years is limited. Therefore, we aimed to identify the prevalence of brain lessons stratified by age group (0-2, 2-6, and 6-8 years). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study recruited 257 girls diagnosed with CPP for six years (2010-2016)...

BACKGROUND: Central precocious puberty (CPP) was an unexplored issue during COVID-19 pandemic and an important disease in the adolescence life. Our aim was to evaluate the incidence of the new cases of central precocious puberty (CPP) during COVID-19 pandemic, comparing these results with the data for the same period over the previous three years. The secondary objective was to analyze the rate of pubertal progression in children during COVID-19 outbreak. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of all children presented at our hospital for suspected CPP during COVID-19 outbreak, comparing their clinical and endocrinological data to the same over the previous three years...

BACKGROUND: We report the challenging case of a 6-year-old boy with precocious puberty related to histologically proven Leydig cell tumor. CASE PRESENTATION: Multiparametric ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed. Interesting findings were scarcely or never reported in children and differed from adults Leydig cell tumors s such as the hyperechogenic halo surrounding the lesion and the dominant central vascularization using ultrasensitive Doppler...

Background: Children with suprasellar low grade glioma (LGG) frequently develop problems to maintain their body weight within the normal range, due to hypothalamic dysfunction. Hypothalamic damage may result in the diencephalic syndrome (DS), characterized by underweight or failure to thrive, but also in hypothalamic obesity (HO). Children with LGG presenting with DS at young age often develop HO later in life. The underlying pathophysiology for this change in body mass index (BMI) is not understood...