Central precocious puberty

Objective: The study aimed to develop simplified diagnostic models for identifying girls with central precocious puberty (CPP), without the expensive and cumbersome gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test, which is the gold standard for CPP diagnosis. Materials and methods: Female patients who had secondary sexual characteristics before 8 years old and had taken a GnRH analog (GnRHa) stimulation test at a medical center in Guangzhou, China were enrolled...

PURPOSE: Childhood brain tumor survivors (CBTS) are at risk for developing obesity, which negatively influences cardiometabolic health. The prevalence of obesity in CBTS may have been overestimated in previous cohorts because of inclusion of children with craniopharyngioma. On the contrary, the degree of weight gain may have been underestimated because of exclusion of CBTS who experienced weight gain, but were neither overweight nor obese. Weight gain may be an indicator of underlying hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) dysfunction...

Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) in suppressing the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis in transgender adolescents. Methods: Retrospective review of electronic medical records of transgender youth and children with central precocious puberty (CPP) treated with GnRHa. Blood levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and/or estradiol at baseline and during treatment were compared between groups. Results: Data from 30 transgender and 30 patients with CPP were analyzed...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychiatric diagnoses, peer-victimization, quality of life, and emotional and behavioral status of girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). METHODS: A total of 71 girls with CPP and 50 healthy controls participated in the study. All participants were evaluated using a semi-structured interview by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. To assess the peer-victimization, quality of life, depression levels, and emotional and behavioral status, the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), the Child Depression Inventory (CDI) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used in this study...

BACKGROUND: The impact of gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-analogue (GnRHa) treatment on weight and body composition is controversial. Exploring the nutritional, psychological patterns of this population may aid to clarify this propensity to gain weight. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate longitudinal changes in adiposity, nutrition and quality of life in girls with central precocious/early-fast puberty (CPP/EFP) during GnRHa treatment. METHODS: Thirty-two GnRHa-treated girls with CPP/EFP and 27 prepubertal girls (7-10 years) were included in the analysis...

AIM: To determine the predictive factors for the conversion of premature thelarche (PT) into complete central precocious puberty (CCPP) in girls. DESIGN: Prospective. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-one girls with PT referred consecutively for evaluation of clinical, laboratory, and ultrasound data. RESULTS: Twenty-one and a half percent of girls with PT converted into CCPP at a chronological age of 7.1 ± 0.7 years and bone age of 9...

OBJECTIVE: Traditional approaches that involve measuring the height and volume of the pituitary by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are unreliable. We investigated the use of a more accurate method using texture analysis to evaluate idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) by MRI. METHODS: In total, 352 texture features of the pituitary were extracted from 12 healthy girls and 18 girls with ICPP. A LASSO regression model and linear regression model were used to create the prediction model...

Background : Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHas) are used for treating central precocious puberty (CPP). However, their roles in the regulation of immune cells especially regulatory T cells (Tregs) remains elusive. Therefore, we characterized buserelin-induced phenotypical and functional changes of Tregs. Methods : A rat CPP model was established followed by administration of buserelin acetate. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of functional molecules in splenic Tregs. The suppressive activity of Tregs was determined by the suppression assay...

Hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) dysfunctions are commonly reported complications in survivors of childhood cancer. These include growth hormone deficiency, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone deficiency, thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency, adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency, central precocious puberty, hyperprolactinemia, and central diabetes insipidus. Local tumor invasion and surgical or radiation-induced injury represent the highest risk factors. New treatment modalities, such as immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy have the potential to cause autoimmune hypophysitis...

CONTEXT: A close link between BMI and female pubertal onset is well established. However, observations in boys remain inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: We aim to determine whether BMI as well as total and central adiposity in pre-pubertal Chilean boys is associated with pubertal timing. DESIGN: Longitudinal study. PATIENTS: 494 boys from the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study were followed starting from birth and throughout puberty including five pre-pubertal visits...

Background: In this study, we aimed to evaluate FSH, LH responses obtained during LHRH-ST according to two different cut-off values, to determine the diagnostic response times, and to find the optimal blood collection times that could reduce the economic and time burden of LHRH-ST. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent LHRH-ST in our clinic with the preliminary diagnosis of precocious puberty (PP) between 01/08/2016 and 31/12/2017 were retrospectively enrolled to the study...

OBJECTIVE: Data about GnRHa on adult height in girls with central precocious puberty(CPP) have shown variable results, ranging from improvement of growth prognosis to lack of any benefit.This study was designed to delineate the criteria to decide which girls with idiopathic CPP(iCPP) will have a height benefit from GnRHa treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective PATIENTS: 102 girls with iCPP who had reached final height(FH) were included. MEASUREMENTS: Auxological, hormonal, and radiological findings at treatment onset, and FHs were extracted from records...

The gold standard for the laboratory diagnosis of central precocious puberty is based on the measurement of luteinizing hormone (LH) after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation. We sought to investigate the laboratory data for GnRH stimulation testing using samples collected from Korean children at different time points. Sampling times were at the basal time point (0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after GnRH stimulation. Pubertal response was defined as occurring when the peak LH concentration was 5 IU/L or more and rose to at least 2 times the basal LH concentration after GnRH stimulation...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze whether some auxological characteristics or a single basal gonadotropin measurement will be sufficient to distinguish the prepubertal from pubertal status. METHODS: Auxologycal characteristics were recorded and serum LH and FSH were measured by immunochemiluminescence assays before and after GnRH stimulation test in a sample of 241 Caucasian girls with breast budding between 6- to 8- years old. Peak LH levels higher than 5 IU/L were considered a pubertal response...

BACKGROUND: Prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2) loss of function mutations have been described as cause of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In 2017, a first case of central precocious puberty (CPP) caused by PROKR2 heterozygous gain of function mutation was described in a 3.5 years-old girl. No other cases have been reported yet. This study performs a molecular screening in girls with early onset CPP (breast budding before 6 years of age) to identify possible alterations in PROKR2. METHODS: We analysed DNA of 31 girls with idiopathic CPP diagnosed via basal LH levels > 0...

BACKGROUND: The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test is the gold standard for confirming the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in central precocious puberty (CPP). However, it is time-consuming and costly. Our aim was to search for a simpler diagnostic modality for CPP by 1) evaluating the performance of basal serum luteinizing hormone (LH), 2) constructing a practical scoring system, and 3) determining the optimal single sampling time for serum LH in the GnRH stimulation test...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) treatment in children with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) METHOD: The protocol was registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42018102792). PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for eligible comparative and single-arm studies. RESULTS: We identified a total of 98 studies that included 5,475 individuals...

CONTEXT: Loss-of-function mutations of makorin RING finger protein 3 (MKRN3) are the most common monogenic cause of familial central precocious puberty (CPP). OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and hormonal features of a large cohort of patients with CPP due to MKRN3 mutations and compare the characteristics of different types of genetic defects. PATIENTS/METHODS: Multiethnic cohort of 716 patients with familial or idiopathic CPP screened for MKRN3 mutations using Sanger sequencing...

Objective: Consensus on how to monitor girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment is lacking. Increased unstimulated basal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations have been suggested to indicate lack of suppression. We aimed to evaluate pre-injection basal LH concentrations during GnRHa (leuprorelin 3.75 mg) treatment 4 weekly in girls with CPP. Methods: Medical records were reviewed for girls with CPP treated at a single center from 2014-2019...

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