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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoyan Zhou, Hongtao Wang, Shuxi Liu, Hao Wang, John You En Chan, Cheng-Feng Pan, Daomu Zhao, Joel K W Yang, Cheng-Wei Qiu
Caustics occur in diverse physical systems, spanning the nano-scale in electron microscopy to astronomical-scale in gravitational lensing. As envelopes of rays, optical caustics result in sharp edges or extended networks. Caustics in structured light, characterized by complex-amplitude distributions, have innovated numerous applications including particle manipulation, high-resolution imaging techniques, and optical communication. However, these applications have encountered limitations due to a major challenge in engineering caustic fields with customizable propagation trajectories and in-plane intensity profiles...
May 2, 2024: Nature Communications
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manon Laget, Laetitia Drago, Thelma Panaïotis, Rainer Kiko, Lars Stemmann, Andreas Rogge, Natalia Llopis-Monferrer, Aude Leynaert, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Tristan Biard
Thriving in both epipelagic and mesopelagic layers, Rhizaria are biomineralizing protists, mixotrophs or flux-feeders, often reaching gigantic sizes. In situ imaging showed their contribution to oceanic carbon stock, but left their contribution to element cycling unquantified. Here, we compile a global dataset of 167,551 Underwater Vision Profiler 5 Rhizaria images, and apply machine learning models to predict their organic carbon and biogenic silica biomasses in the uppermost 1000 m. We estimate that Rhizaria represent up to 1...
April 29, 2024: Nature Communications
#3
REVIEW
Konstantinos I Adamopoulos, Lauren M Sanders, Sylvain V Costes
One of the greatest challenges of humanity for deep space exploration is to fully understand how altered gravitational conditions affect human physiology. It is evident that the spaceflight environment causes multiple alterations to musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, immune and central nervous systems, to name a few known effects. To better characterize these biological effects, we compare gene expression datasets from microarray studies found in NASA GeneLab, part of the NASA Open Science Data Repository. In this review, we summarize these archived results for various tissues, emphasizing key genes which are highly reproducible in different mice or human experiments...
April 26, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C Harvey
Avian wing morphing allows dynamic, active control of complex flight manoeuvres. Previous linear time-invariant (LTI) models have quantified the effect of varying fixed wing configurations but the time-dependent effects of morphing between different configurations is not well understood. To fill this gap, I implemented a linear parameter-varying (LPV) model for morphing wing gull flight. This approach models the wing joint angles as scheduled parameters and accounts for nonlinear kinematic and gravitational effects while interpolating between LTI models at discrete trim points...
April 2024: Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Clotilde C N Renaud, Carolina Alves Nicolau, Clément Maghe, Kilian Trillet, Jane Jardine, Sophie Escot, Nicolas David, Julie Gavard, Nicolas Bidère
Centriolar satellites are high-order assemblies, scaffolded by the protein PCM1, that gravitate as particles around the centrosome and play pivotal roles in fundamental cellular processes notably ciliogenesis and autophagy. Despite stringent control mechanisms involving phosphorylation and ubiquitination, the landscape of post-translational modifications shaping these structures remains elusive. Here, we report that necrosulfonamide (NSA), a small molecule known for binding and inactivating the pivotal effector of cell death by necroptosis MLKL, intersects with centriolar satellites, ciliogenesis, and autophagy independently of MLKL...
April 19, 2024: IScience
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenbo Mao, Zhoutian Fu, Yihang Li, Fu Li, Lan Yang
Optical sensors, crucial in diverse fields like gravitational wave detection, biomedical imaging, and structural health monitoring, rely on optical phase to convey valuable information. Enhancing sensitivity is important for detecting weak signals. Exceptional points (EPs), identified in non-Hermitian systems, offer great potential for advanced sensors, given their marked response to perturbations. However, strict physical requirements for operating a sensor at EPs limit broader applications. Here, we introduce an EP-enhanced sensing platform featuring plug-in external sensors separated from an EP control unit...
April 5, 2024: Science Advances
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meizhen Sheng, Yanpeng Qi, Zhenbo Gao, Xiaohui Lin
Identifying valuable features from complex omics data is of great significance for disease diagnosis study. This paper proposes a new feature selection algorithm based on sample network (FS-SN) to mine important information from omics data. The sample network is constructed according to the sample neighbor relationship at the molecular (feature) expression level, and the distinguishing ability of the feature is evaluated based on the topology of the sample network. The sample network established on a feature with a strong discriminating ability tends to have many edges between the same group samples and few edges between the different group samples...
February 2024: Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dheeraj R Pasham, Francesco Tombesi, Petra Suková, Michal Zajaček, Suvendu Rakshit, Eric Coughlin, Peter Kosec, Vladimír Karas, Megan Masterson, Andrew Mummery, Thomas W-S Holoien, Muryel Guolo, Jason Hinkle, Bart Ripperda, Vojtěch Witzany, Ben Shappee, Erin Kara, Assaf Horesh, Sjoert van Velzen, Itai Sfaradi, David Kaplan, Noam Burger, Tara Murphy, Ronald Remillard, James F Steiner, Thomas Wevers, Riccardo Arcodia, Johannes Buchner, Andrea Merloni, Adam Malyali, Andy Fabian, Michael Fausnaugh, Tansu Daylan, Diego Altamirano, Anna Payne, Elizabeth C Ferraraa
Binaries containing a compact object orbiting a supermassive black hole are thought to be precursors of gravitational wave events, but their identification has been extremely challenging. Here, we report quasi-periodic variability in x-ray absorption, which we interpret as quasi-periodic outflows (QPOuts) from a previously low-luminosity active galactic nucleus after an outburst, likely caused by a stellar tidal disruption. We rule out several models based on observed properties and instead show using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations that QPOuts, separated by roughly 8...
March 29, 2024: Science Advances
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Doan, John Kulikowski, X Wendy Gu
Colloidal crystals are used to understand fundamentals of atomic rearrangements in condensed matter and build complex metamaterials with unique functionalities. Simulations predict a multitude of self-assembled crystal structures from anisotropic colloids, but these shapes have been challenging to fabricate. Here, we use two-photon lithography to fabricate Archimedean truncated tetrahedrons and self-assemble them under quasi-2D confinement. These particles self-assemble into a hexagonal phase under an in-plane gravitational potential...
March 25, 2024: Nature Communications
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daria Y Romanova, Leonid L Moroz
Omnipresent gravity affects all living organisms; it was a vital factor in the past and the current bottleneck for future space exploration. However, little is known about the evolution of gravity sensing and the comparative biology of gravity reception. Here, by tracing the parallel evolution of gravity sensing, we encounter situations when assemblies of homologous modules result in the emergence of non-homologous structures with similar systemic properties. This is a perfect example to study homoplasy at all levels of biological organization...
2024: Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
#11
REVIEW
Zihan Li, Jiarui Wu, Tianyuan Zhao, Yiyun Wei, Yajing Xu, Zongjian Liu, Xiaoqiong Li, Xuechai Chen
Due to the increased crewed spaceflights in recent years, it is vital to understand how the space environment affects human health. A lack of gravitational force is known to risk multiple physiological functions of astronauts, particularly damage to the central nervous system (CNS). As innate immune cells of the CNS, microglia can transition from a quiescent state to a pathological state, releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to neuroinflammation. There are reports indicating that microglia can be activated by simulating microgravity or exposure to galactic cosmic rays (GCR)...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John S Torday
The cell is both synchronic and diachronic, based on ontogeny and phylogeny, respectively. As experimental evidence for this holism, absent gravitational force, differentiated lung and bone cells devolve, losing their phenotypes, losing their evolutionary status, reverting to their nonlocal status. Thus, when evolution is seen as serial homeostasis, it is homologous with Quantum Entanglement as the nonlocal means of maintaining homeostatic balance between particles. This monadic perspective on consciousness is one-hundred and eighty degrees out of synch with the conventional way of thinking about consciousness as a diad, or mind and brain...
February 24, 2024: Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiabei Shao, Pengcheng Feng, Baichao Li, Jie Gao, Yanyan Chen, Mei Dong, Zhangfeng Qin, Weibin Fan, Jianguo Wang
During the methanol-to-aromatics (MTA) process, a large amount of water is generated, while the influence and mechanism of water on the activity and selectivity of the light olefin aromatization reaction are still unclear. Therefore, a study was conducted to systematically investigate the effects of water on the reactivity and the product distribution in ethylene aromatization using infrared spectroscopy (IR), intelligent gravitation analyzer (IGA), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) characterizations...
February 17, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tim M Fuchs, Dennis G Uitenbroek, Jaimy Plugge, Noud van Halteren, Jean-Paul van Soest, Andrea Vinante, Hendrik Ulbricht, Tjerk H Oosterkamp
Gravity differs from all other known fundamental forces because it is best described as a curvature of space-time. For that reason, it remains resistant to unifications with quantum theory. Gravitational interaction is fundamentally weak and becomes prominent only at macroscopic scales. This means, we do not know what happens to gravity in the microscopic regime where quantum effects dominate and whether quantum coherent effects of gravity become apparent. Levitated mechanical systems of mesoscopic size offer a probe of gravity, while still allowing quantum control over their motional state...
February 23, 2024: Science Advances
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xin Xu, Heshan Liu, Yidong Tan
Construction of laser heterodyne interferometric bench to measure tiny translation and tilt with picometer- and nanoradian-level sensitivity in the millihertz band is critical for the success of spaceborne gravitational wave detection, including the LISA, Taiji, and Tianqin missions. In this paper, we report on the construction and testing of a laser heterodyne interferometric bench that contains two optical path designs, the dual-beam heterodyne interferometry and the polarization-multiplexing heterodyne interferometry...
2024: Research: a science partner journal
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Trent Davis, Kevin Tabury, Shouan Zhu, Debora Angeloni, Sarah Baatout, Alexandra Benchoua, Juergen Bereiter-Hahn, Daniele Bottai, Judith-Irina Buchheim, Marco Calvaruso, Eugénie Carnero-Diaz, Sara Castiglioni, Duccio Cavalieri, Gabriele Ceccarelli, Alexander Choukér, Francesca Cialdai, Gianni Ciofani, Giuseppe Coppola, Gabriella Cusella, Andrea Degl'Innocenti, Jean-Francois Desaphy, Jean-Pol Frippiat, Michael Gelinsky, Giada Genchi, Maria Grano, Daniela Grimm, Alain Guignandon, Christiane Hahn, Jason Hatton, Raúl Herranz, Christine E Hellweg, Carlo Saverio Iorio, Thodoris Karapantsios, Jack J W A van Loon, Matteo Lulli, Jeanette Maier, Jos Malda, Emina Mamaca, Lucia Morbidelli, Angelique van Ombergen, Andreas Osterman, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, Francesco Pampaloni, Elizabeth Pavezlorie, Veronica Pereda-Campos, Cyrille Przybyla, Christopher Puhl, Petra Rettberg, Angela Maria Rizzo, Kate Robson-Brown, Leonardo Rossi, Giorgio Russo, Alessandra Salvetti, Daniela Santucci, Matthias Sperl, Sara Tavella, Christiane Thielemann, Ronnie Willaert, Nathaniel Szewczyk, Monica Monici
Progress in mechanobiology allowed us to better understand the important role of mechanical forces in the regulation of biological processes. Space research in the field of life sciences clearly showed that gravity plays a crucial role in biological processes. The space environment offers the unique opportunity to carry out experiments without gravity, helping us not only to understand the effects of gravitational alterations on biological systems but also the mechanisms underlying mechanoperception and cell/tissue response to mechanical and gravitational stresses...
February 10, 2024: NPJ Microgravity
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min Tang
In the agricultural sector, farmers and agribusiness are confronted with a multitude of complex choices every day. These selections are influenced by multiple variables that significantly affect their outcomes. The primary source of revenue for a good deal of individuals is derived from the agricultural sector. The provision of precise and punctual predictions on crop yields has significant importance in facilitating informed investment choices and shaping agricultural policies. One of the challenges encountered is the presence of old or incomplete data about the accessibility of resources...
January 2024: Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering: MBE
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiashuo Zhang, Ruheng Wang, Leyi Wei
Protein-molecule interactions play a crucial role in various biological functions, with their accurate prediction being pivotal for drug discovery and design processes. Traditional methods for predicting protein-molecule interactions are limited. Some can only predict interactions with a specific molecule, restricting their applicability, while others target multiple molecule types but fail to efficiently process diverse interaction information, leading to complexity and inefficiency. This study presents a novel deep learning model, MucLiPred, equipped with a dual contrastive learning mechanism aimed at improving the prediction of multiple molecule-protein interactions and the identification of potential molecule-binding residues...
February 1, 2024: Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Juan Carlos Biancotti, Araceli Espinosa-Jeffrey
The change in gravitational force has a significant effect on biological tissues and the entire organism. As with any alteration in the environment, microgravity (µG) produces modifications in the system inducing adaptation to the new condition. In this study, we analyzed the effect of µG on neural stem cells (NSCs) following a space flight to the International Space Station (ISS). After 3 days in space, analysis of the metabolome in culture medium revealed increased glycolysis with augmented pyruvate and glycerate levels, and activated catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and glutamine...
December 22, 2023: Bioengineering
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A Lakshmi, Manjunathan Alagarsamy, A Anbarasa Pandian, Dinesh Paramathi Mani
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for tumor diagnosis in human brain. Here, the MRI images are considered to detect the brain tumor and classify the regions as meningioma, glioma, pituitary and normal types. Numerous existing methods regarding brain tumor detection were suggested previously, but none of the methods accurately categorizes the brain tumor and consumes more computation period. To address these problems, an Evolutionary Gravitational Neocognitron Neural Network optimized with Marine Predators Algorithm is proposed in this article for MRI Brain Tumor Classification (EGNNN-VGG16-MPA-MRI-BTC)...
January 13, 2024: Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine
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