Bromantane

Adaptogens are synthetic compounds (bromantane, levamisole, aphobazole, bemethyl, etc.) or plant extracts that have the ability to enhance the body's stability against physical loads without increasing oxygen consumption. Extracts from Panax ginseng , Eleutherococcus senticosus , Rhaponticum carthamoides , Rhodiola rosea , and Schisandra chinensis are considered to be naturally occurring adaptogens and, in particular, plant adaptogens. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of plant adaptogens in the past and now, as well as to outline the prospects of their future applications...

In experiments on nonlinear male mice the ability of new derivatives of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds to increase the physical working capacity in conditions of hyperthermia, hypothermia and acute normobaric hypoxia and hypercapnia has been investigated. It is established, that pyridine derivative IBHF-11 has more expressed positive action in the said conditions. It provided increase of the working capacity of animals at all kinds of extreme influence, and the value of positive action was comparable, and in conditions of acute normobaric hypoxia and hypercapnia exceeded those at the reference products bemitil and bromantan...

Actoprotectors are preparations that enhance body stability against physical loads without increasing oxygen consumption or heat production. Or, in short, actoprotectors are synthetic adaptogens with a significant capacity to improve physical performance. This paper explores the history of actoprotectors'development, their pharmacological properties, mechanism of action, and practical application to the improvement of mental and physical performance. A brief summary of the clinico-pharmacological characteristics of the main representatives of this class (bemitil and bromantane) is provided...

The effect of ladasten (bromantan) on the development of emotional stress and reproduction activity was studied in male rats. Ladasten administration led to restoration of the stress-violated orientational reactions and body weight, activation of the spermatogenesis (increase in the number and mobility of spermatozoas), normalization of the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoas, and reduction in the loss of embryos.

The results of experiments on rats showed that the psychotropic drug bromantan affects the sexual behavior and pairing activity. A three-day treatment with bromantan (30 and 300 mg/kg, p.o.) predominantly increased the sexual proceptivity, whereas a chronic administration (for 2 months in males and 2 weeks in females) produced a dose-dependent increase in both proceptivity and receptivity. The observed effects are probably related to the dopamine-positive action of bromantan.

Neurotoxicological profile of actoprotector bromantane was studied on rats using S. Irwin's protocol of multi-test observation. The drug in doses of 30-300 mg/kg stimulated and in doses of 600-9,600 mg/kg suppressed behavioral activity. Spontaneous motor activity increased after single treatment with bromantane in doses of 30-300 mg/kg, did not change after treatment in doses of 600 mg/kg, and was inhibited after treatment in doses above 600 mg/kg. In doses of 300-600 mg/kg the drug reduced pain sensitivity threshold and in doses above 600 mg/kg elevated the pain threshold and tactile sensitivity and reaction to knock...

The results of experimental investigation of the effect of bromantan on the behavioral activity of rats in the open-field test were treated by a combination of the discriminant and dispersion methods. The toxic effect of the drug on the neurogenic (neurologic) mechanisms conducting the behavior is evaluated.

Bromantan (N-[2-adamantil]-N-[para-bromphenyl]amine) is an "actoprotective" drug widely used in Russia as a muscle performance-enhancing agent for sportsmen and as an immunostimulator in medicine. Experiments were conducted to determine whether this compound has adverse effects on the reproduction and development of offspring. Sexually mature female rats, weighing 180-200 g, were orally given bromantan at doses of 30 mg/kg (30-mg/kg group), 150 mg/kg (150-mg/kg group) and 600 mg/kg (600-mg/kg group) daily for 16 days, while the controls received the vehicle, amylaceous solution...

The immunotropic and immunogenic properties of some chromatographic fractions of B. pseudomallei surface antigenic complex, as well as the preparations of B. pseudomallei outer and cytoplasmic membranes, were studied. The difference between the biopolymers under study in cytotoxicity, humoral and cell-mediated immunity characteristics, phagocytic activity were established. Some antigenic fractions (B, C, C1, H) showed perceptible protective activity (25-60%) in experiments on mice infected with B. pseudomallei virulent strain...

The oral administration of bromantan for two months on a toxic dose level produced a sex-dependent psychodysleptic action upon rats: the effective (30 mg/kg), intermediate (150 mg/kg), and toxic (600 mg/kg) doses reduced the motor activity in males, while not affecting (or increasing) this activity in females. The effective dose stimulated, and the toxic dose suppressed, the research activity and increased the number of grooming episodes, while ambiguously influencing the emotional state of rats. In the initial stage of treatment, bromantan causes hypothermia; in the second month, this effect is replaced by slight hyperthermia...

The study of EEG and psychophysiological parameters and their correlations in 10 healthy volunteers after single oral administration of bromantan in comparison with placebo revealed favourable influence of the drug on operators' functional state. By EEG-profile (increase in middle-frequency alpha-rhythm power with lowering of powers in delta- and beta1-bands) bromantan is similar to many drugs with moderate psychostimulating, antiamnestic and antihypoxic properties. Bromantan does not alter the subjective state and principal components of operators' performance in untired men but promotes the appearance of EEG-signs of moderate vigilance rise and forming of productive action state coupled with favourable for precise motor performance tremor reduction...

Bromantan is a new psychostimulator possessing actoprotector properties. The drug was administered to rats over two months (males) and two weeks (females) at a daily dose of 30 and 200-mg/kg, and the reproduction function parameters were monitored. Then the experimental animals were coupled and the embryonal characteristics of the breed were determined. Upon termination of the drug administration, the functional state of sperm and the morphology of gonads were studied again. It was found that bromantan (30 mg/kg) unreliably decreases the absolute amount of sperm in males...

Bromantan (20 mg/kg, p.o.) and sydnocarb (10 mg/kg, p.o.) augment the efficacy of a 5-h operant activity in rats, the effect being achieved through different pathways. Sydnocarb increases the number of operant reactions and exhausts the sympathico adrenal system reserves. Bromantan favors the activity optimization by reducing the number of errors at a smaller number of operant reactions. Bromantan increases the tension of motivational component (electric pain irritation avoidance), whereas sydnocarb decreases this component of the operant behavior...

The toxicity of bromantan was evaluated by conventional acute tests (according to Belen'kiĭ) and by the behavioral activity data (according to Irvin). A method of integral graphical representation of the behavioral activity data is suggested, according to which the results are plotted as a "dose trajectory." Using the dose trajectory constructed for bromantan, the levels of therapeutic, toxic, and lethal doses were calculated. It was established that catecholaminergic effects account for the mechanism of therapeutic action of bromantan, while cholinergic effects determine the drug action in toxic doses...

Bromantan administration markedly increases the stroke and minute blood volume at a reduced heart rate and peripheral resistance in anaesthetized rats, while the systemic arterial pressure exhibits an insignificant short-time increase. Bromantan also weakly increases the pressor effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline. In anaesthetized cats, bromantan modifies the shape of the amplitude-frequency characteristic of EEG measured in the upper cervical ganglion, reducing (against the initial level) the induced potential in the frequency range of the preganglionic fiber stimulation (1-10 and 25-30 Hz)...

The purpose of this work was study of the late-term results of a course of the actoprotector bromantan on the formation and development of the rat progeny. Bromantan was given per os daily in doses of 30, 150, and 600 mg/kg once a day: females received the drug for 15 days (2.5 estrous cycles), males for 60 days (whole cycle of spermatogenesis). When the course of treatment with the drug ended, the females were put together with the males for two weeks. The experiments were subdivided into two series: in series I the progeny obtained from coupling of experimental males with intact females was studied, in series II the progeny of intact males and experimental females...

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The specific effect of bromantan on blood tissue is demonstrated in rats. In chronic injection in a dose of 30 mg/kg bromantan raised the level of hemoglobin and leukocytes. In doses of 150 and 600 mg/kg it increased at first (3 months) and then reduced the level of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and leukocytes. Reversible poikilocytosis, granulocytosis, and agranulocytosis were encountered. Hyperchromatosis and hypertrophy of the hepatocytes were found in the tissues of the liver and hemosiderosis was discovered in the spleen...

Per os administration of bromantan (2-[n-bromphenyl]-aminoadamantan) in doses of 40-50 mg/kg prevents the fixed posture reaction and reduces the level of defecation in Balb/c mice in the "open field" test and activates their behavior in the "elevated plus maze" test. It increases the motor activity of C57B1/c mice in both tests. It is concluded that an anxiolytic effect is present in the spectrum of pharmacological properties of bromantan.

Bromantan [N-2-(para-(bromphenyl)-N-2-(aminoadamantan)] possesses psychostimulating activity in experiments on animals. With LD50 8100 mg/kg (mice, intraperitoneal injection) activates simple and complicated forms of behavior, induces EEG effects typical of psychostimulators, is an antagonist of substances with a deprivationg neuropsychotropic effect. Bromantan is characterized by a positive effect on mnemonic processes and on obtaining the results of complex operant activity in rats.