Gastric mucosal protection

OBJECTIVE: Rosa odorata var. gigantea is a popular medicinal plant. Some studies have demonstrated that ethanolic extract of the fruits of R. odorata var. gigantea (FOE) has gastroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the gastroprotective activity of FOE on water immersion restrained stress (WIRS)-induced gastric mucosal injury in a rat model and elucidate the possible molecular mechanisms involved. METHODS: A rat stress ulcer model was established in this study using WIRS...

Antidepressant duloxetine has been shown protective effect on indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer, which was escorted by inflammation in the gastric mucosa. Cytokines are the principal mediators of inflammation. Thus, by screening the differential expression of cytokines in the gastric mucosa using cytokine array at 3 h after indomethacin exposure, when the gastric ulcer began to format, we found that indomethacin increased cytokines which promoted inflammation responses, whereas duloxetine decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines increased by indomethacin and increased RANTES expression...

Heat stress seriously threatens fish survival and health, demanding immediate attention. Teprenone is a gastric mucosal protective agent that can induce heat shock protein expression. This research investigated the effects of teprenone on largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) subjected to heat stress. Juvenile fish were assigned to different groups: group C (control group, 0 mg teprenone/kg diet), T0 , T200 , T400 , and T800 (0, 200, 400, and 800 mg teprenone/kg diet, respectively), which were fed for 3 days, followed by a day without the diet...

BACKGROUND: Around the world, there is a high incidence of gastric ulcers. YS, an extract from the Chinese herb Albizzia chinensis (Osbeck) Merr, has potential therapeutic applications for gastrointestinal diseases. Here we elucidated the protective effect and underlying mechanism of action of YS on gastric ulcer in rats injured by ethanol. METHODS: The ethanol-induced gastric ulcer rat model was used to assess the protective effect of YS. A pathological examination of gastric tissue was performed by H&E staining...

Gastric ulcer (GU) is one of the most common diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract that affects millions of people worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the possible alleviating effect of a combined treatment of pantoprazole (PANTO) and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) in comparison with each treatment alone on the healing process of the experimentally induced GU in rats, and to uncover the involved pathways. Rats were divided into five groups: (1) Control, (2) GU, (3) PANTO, (4) ADSCs and (5) ADSCs + PANTO...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of syringic acid, an anti-oxidant, on indomethacin induced gastric ulcers in rats. Experimental groups were control, ulcer, ulcer treated with 20 mg/kg esomeprazole (a proton pump inhibitor that reduces acid secretion), and ulcer treated with 100 mg/kg syringic acid. Rats were pretreated with esomeprazole or syringic acid two weeks before ulcer induction. Our histopathological observations showed that either syringic acid or esomeprazole attenuated the severity of gastric mucosal damage...

BACKGROUND: The use of proton pump inhibitors in the acute phase of cerebral infarction may lead to adverse long-term outcomes, this study aims to explore the potential of electroacupuncture (EA) in replacing omeprazole in exerting post-stroke gastrointestinal protection. METHODS: A permanent middle cerebral artery infarction model was established using the modified Longa thread occlusion technique. Gastrointestinal motility, gastrointestinal mucosal damage, cerebral infarct volume, and alterations in choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-positive neurons within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) were assessed after 7 days of EA at Zusanli (ST36) or omeprazole intervention...

Hedera helix is a traditional medicinal plant. Its primary active ingredients are oleanane-type saponins, which have extensive pharmacological effects such as gastric mucosal protection, autophagy regulation actions, and antiviral properties. However, the glycosylation-modifying enzymes responsible for catalyzing oleanane-type saponin biosynthesis remain unidentified. Through transcriptome, cluster analysis, and PSPG structural domain, this study preliminarily screened four candidate UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), including Unigene26859, Unigene31717, CL11391...

Gastritis is a common disease characterized by gastric ulcers and severe bleeding. Excessive daily alcohol consumption can cause acute gastritis, impacting individuals' quality of life. This study aims to explore the protective effects of different ethanol-fractional polysaccharides of Dendrobium officinale (EPDO) on acute alcohol-induced gastric injury in vivo . Results showed that EPDO-80, identified as a β-glucan, exhibited significant anti-inflammatory properties in pathology. It could reduce the area of gastric mucosal injury and cell infiltration...

Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is associated with gastric inflammation and mucosal antibodies against its cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) are protective. Vaccine-elicited immunity against H. pylori requires MHC class II expression, indicating that CD4+ T cells are protective. We hypothesized that the HLA-DR genotypes in human populations include protective alleles that more effectively bind immunogenic CagA peptide fragments and susceptible alleles with an impaired capacity to present CagA peptides. We recruited patients (n = 170) admitted for gastroendoscopy procedures and performed high-resolution HLA-DRB1 typing...

Helicobacter pylori-associated stomach infection is a leading cause of gastric ulcer and related cancer. H. pylori modulates the functions of infiltrated immune cells to survive the killing by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) produced by these cells. Uncontrolled immune responses further produce excess ROS and RNS which lead to mucosal damage. The persistent oxidative stress is a major cause of gastric cancer. H. pylori regulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs), nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS2), and polyamines to control ROS and RNS release through lesser-known mechanisms...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite of fungi that is harmful to humans and animals. This study examined the protective effects of natural substances, including resveratrol, quercetin, vitamin E, vitamin C, and microbe-derived antioxidants (MA), on both human gastric mucosal cells (GES-1) and pig small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1) when induced by DON. Cells were incubated with active substances for 3 h and then exposed to DON for 24 h. The oxidative stress index, cell cycle, and apoptosis were measured...

OBJECTIVE: In the small intestine, the products of digestion of dietary triacylglycerol (TAG), fatty acids (FA) and monoacylglycerol, are taken up by absorptive cells, enterocytes, for systemic energy delivery. These digestion products can also bind receptors on endocrine cells to stimulate the release of hormones capable of influencing systemic energy metabolism. The initial phase of intestinal FA absorption involves the acylation of FAs to acyl-CoA by the acyl-CoA long chain synthetase (ACSL) enzymes...

Recently, Enterococcus has been shown to have gastric protective functions, and the mechanisms by which Enterococcus modulates gastric function are still being investigated. Herein, we investigated how Enterococcus faecium (Efm) and E. faecium -derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) (EfmEVs) exert protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric injury by investigating the effect of EfmEVs on gastric mucosal ulcer scoring, histological lesion, mucosal glycoprotein production, acidity, anti-oxidative function, and inflammatory responses in rat...

The occurrence of gastritis, gastric ulcers, distal gastric cancer, and gastric mucosal lymphoma in humans is strongly associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Vaccination is an effective preventive measure due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Fusion vaccination is a potentially practical approach. A fusion vaccine was created in this study by combining the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) with the antigenic H. pylori urease I subunit (CTB-UreI). The CTB-UreI DNA vaccine was chemically cloned into pIRES2-EGFP, and the success of the cloning was validated using PCR and restriction enzyme digestion...

Gastric ulcer is a disturbing disease that impacts many people worldwide. Pioglitazone (Piog), a thiazolidinedione, and ligustrazine (Ligu), a natural component of Ligusticum chuanxiong possess gastroprotective properties. However, the underlying mechanism is not well elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the gastroprotective effects of Piog (15 mg/kg, p.o.), Ligu (15 mg/kg, p.o.), and their combination against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Omeprazole (10 mg/kg) was used as a standard...

Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) is closely associated with gastric inflammation and tumorigenesis; however, the precise mechanism is unclear. Hence, we aim to clarify this molecular mechanism and design an effective therapeutic strategy based on it. The present study found that DGR induced TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and triggered pyroptosis in gastric mucosa in vitro and in vivo , in which endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress via PERK/eIF2α/CHOP signaling was involved. Mechanistically, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonized the DGR-induced PERK/eIF2α/CHOP pathway and reduced TXNIP and NLRP3 expression...

The prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria presents a significant challenge to the antibiotic treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), while traditional antimicrobial agents often suffer from shortcomings such as poor gastric retention, inadequate alleviation of inflammation, and significant adverse effects on the gut microbiota. Here, a selenized chitosan (CS-Se) modified bismuth-based metal-organic framework (Bi-MOF@CS-Se) nanodrug is reported that can target mucin through the charge interaction of the outer CS-Se layer to achieve mucosal adhesion and gastric retention...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Perioperative or postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy based on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is a common first-line adjuvant therapy for gastric cancer (GC). However, drug resistance and the side effects of 5-FU have reduced its efficacy. Among these side effects, gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity is one of the most common. Xianglian Pill (XLP) is a Chinese patent medicine that is commonly used for the treatment of diarrhoea. It may have a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa and a reduction in inflammation...

Açaí seed extract (ASE) is obtained from Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) plant (Amazon region) has high nutritional and functional value. ASE is rich in polyphenolic compounds, mainly proanthocyanidins. Proanthocyanidins can modulate the immune system and oxidative stress by inhibiting the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. A great deal of evidence suggests that inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of intestinal mucositis, and these events can lead to intestinal dysmotility...