Top 100

Task-switching experiments have shown that the 'switch cost' (poorer performance for task switches than for repetitions) is smaller when the probability of a switch is high (e.g., 0.75) than when it is low (e.g., 0.25). Some theoretical accounts explain this effect in terms of top-down control deployed in advance of the task cue ('pre-cue reconfiguration'). We tested such accounts by manipulating the time available before the onset of the cue (the response-cue interval, RCI), reasoning that top-down pre-cue reconfiguration requires time and therefore its effect should increase with RCI...

OBJECTIVES: While the internet provides accessible medical information, often times it does not cater to the average patient's ability to understand medical text at a 6th and 8th grade reading level, per American Medical Association (AMA)/National Institute of Health (NIH) recommendations. This study looks to analyze current online materials relating to posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) surgery and their readability, understandability, and actionability. METHODS: The top 100 Google searchs for "PCL surgery" were compiled...

BACKGROUND: This bibliometric study aimed to identify and analyze the top 100 articles related to artificial intelligence in the field of orthopedics. METHODS: The articles were assessed based on their number of citations, publication years, countries, journals, authors, affiliations, and funding agencies. Additionally, they were analyzed in terms of their themes and objectives. Keyword co-occurrence, co-citation of authors, and co-citation of references analyses were conducted using VOSviewer (version 1...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) - characterized by excess accumulation of fat in the liver - now affects one third of the world's population. As NAFLD progresses, extracellular matrix components including collagen accumulate in the liver causing tissue fibrosis, a major determinant of disease severity and mortality. To identify transcriptional regulators of fibrosis, we computationally inferred the activity of transcription factors (TFs) relevant to fibrosis by profiling the matched transcriptomes and epigenomes of 108 human liver biopsies from a deeply-characterized cohort of patients spanning the full histopathologic spectrum of NAFLD...

BACKGROUND: Wheat allergy (WA), characterized by immunological responses to wheat proteins, is a gluten-related disorder that has become increasingly recognized in recent years. Bibliometrics involves the quantitative assessment of publications within a specific academic domain. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to execute an extensive bibliometric study, focusing on the past 30 years of literature related to wheat allergy. METHODS: We searched the Web of Science database on 5th Dec 2023...

Gene expression networks associated with placebo effects are understudied; in this study, we identified transcriptomic profiles associated with placebo responsivity. Participants suffering from chronic pain underwent a verbal suggestion and conditioning paradigm with individually tailored thermal painful stimulations to elicit conditioned placebo effects. Participants reported pain intensity on a visual analog scale (VAS) anchored from zero = no pain to 100 = maximum imaginable pain...

In recent years, the proliferation of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) platforms on a global scale has been remarkable. Learners can now meet their learning demands with the help of MOOC. However, learners might not understand the course material well if they have access to a lot of information due to their inadequate expertise and cognitive ability. Personalized Recommender Systems (RSs), a cutting-edge technology, can assist in addressing this issue. It greatly increases resource acquisition through personalized availability for various people of all ages...

Polypharmacology drugs-compounds that inhibit multiple proteins-have many applications but are difficult to design. To address this challenge we have developed POLYGON, an approach to polypharmacology based on generative reinforcement learning. POLYGON embeds chemical space and iteratively samples it to generate new molecular structures; these are rewarded by the predicted ability to inhibit each of two protein targets and by drug-likeness and ease-of-synthesis. In binding data for >100,000 compounds, POLYGON correctly recognizes polypharmacology interactions with 82...

This study aimed to uncover the competitive advantages of King Khalid University (KKU) as a higher educational institution and identify the strategies needed to strengthen its competitive stance through a qualitative case study approach. Data were collected via detailed interviews with 30 university staff, comprising 19 faculty members and 11 academic leaders. Following this, the data were qualitatively analyzed using MAXQDA 2022 software. The results showed that KKU has 30 sub-competitive strengths, including work ethics, future vision, academic excellence, creativity, teamwork, respect for intellectual property, continuous customer-focused improvement, a positive workplace environment, organizational trust, and the ability to attract international students...

INTRODUCTION: Craniosynostosis is a birth defect defined as premature closure of sutures leading to possible neurological deficits and cosmetic deformities. Most of the current literature to date focuses on craniosynostosis etiology by analyzing genetics. This paper is a bibliometric analysis of the most influential works related to the clinical management of craniosynostosis to help guide clinicians in their decision-making. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Clarivate Web of Science database was used to identify the top 100 most-cited articles addressing the clinical management of craniosynostosis...

OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neoplasms have been considered as public health concerns worldwide. This study aimed to estimate the epidemiological patterns of death burden on CVDs and neoplasms and its attributable risk factors in Western Europe from 1990 to 2019 to discuss the potential causes of the disparities. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We collected data on CVDs and neoplasms deaths in 24 Western European countries from the Global Burden of Disease Study...

BACKGROUND: Sex and gender shape health. There is a growing body of evidence focused on comprehensively and systematically examining the magnitude, persistence, and nature of differences in health between females and males. Here, we aimed to quantify differences in the leading causes of disease burden between females and males across ages and geographies. METHODS: We used the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to compare disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) rates for females and males for the 20 leading causes of disease burden for individuals older than 10 years at the global level and across seven world regions, between 1990 and 2021...

Radiation disasters pose distinctive medical challenges, requiring diverse care approaches. Beyond radiation exposure assessment, addressing health impacts due to lifestyle changes, especially among vulnerable populations, is vital. Evacuation orders issued in radiation-affected areas introduce unique healthcare dynamics, with their duration significantly influencing the recovery process. Understanding evolving patient demographics and medical needs after lifting evacuation orders is crucial for post-disaster care planning...

To interpret the effect of Al and Mn substitutions on activation performances of La-Ni-Al-Mn alloy, the initial activation curve has been measured, which shows that the incubation time of activation is prolonged with the increase of Al content in alloy, while shortened duo to Mn substitution. Further, the first-principles calculations are employed. We find that (1) (100)/(010) surface of LaNi5 is the most stable and its stability can be improved by Al substitution for Ni while decreased by Mn substitution; (2) the preferential hydrogen adsorption sites are the hole and Ni (or Mn)-top sites; (3) Al and Mn substitutions can increase the hydrogen adsorption stability, but Al doping decreases the number of available sites, therefore retarding activation, while Mn doping guarantees the number of available sites, making activation easier; (4) H bonds covalently with neighbor Ni (or Mn) and ionically with La, together determining the stability of hydrogen adsorption...

This data article describes a dataset of US CEO turnover types created with manual data collection through searches of news stories related to CEO turnover. The data identify the fiscal year of turnover and its type for top managers in publicly-traded US firms. Researchers in economics, finance and accounting explore the role of CEO turnover in various settings, however data on the timing and type of CEO departures are not always reliably available. We identify turnover cases based on changes in the CEO of the firm as recorded in secondary data sources of Compustat and Execucomp, and then we classify turnover types based on the examination of full-text news...

Background TikTok is among the most popular social media sites, and its utilization for health information is growing each day. The present study assesses the popularity and quality of the top 100 most-liked videos on TikTok tagged with "#ichthyosis." This study aims to do so by assessing contributions from physician, and nonphysician sources (such as from patients) to guide healthcare professionals interested in leveraging this platform for public health.  Methodology A cross-sectional analysis of the top 100 most-liked videos tagged with "#ichythosis" on TikTok as of January 3, 2024, was conducted...

BACKGROUND: As one of Indonesia's major social media platforms, Instagram provides abundant information, including fertility topics. However, fertility information in Bahasa (Indonesian language) had never been mapped before. This study aims to determine the prevalence, authorship, and types of fertility-related information in Bahasa shared on Instagram using hashtag and content analysis. Additional outcomes included a comparison of post content stratified by author type (healthcare providers vs...

Human inborn errors of immunity include rare disorders entailing functional and quantitative antibody deficiencies due to impaired B cells called the common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) phenotype. Patients with CVID face delayed diagnoses and treatments for 5 to 15 years after symptom onset because the disorders are rare (prevalence of ~1/25,000), and there is extensive heterogeneity in CVID phenotypes, ranging from infections to autoimmunity to inflammatory conditions, overlapping with other more common disorders...

BACKGROUND: TikTok is emerging as a vital platform for health information dissemination. Despite myopia being a global public health issue, the high-quality myopia information shared by health educators often fails to go viral. It is imperative to analyze the factors influencing video quality and popularity, especially from diverse perspectives of researchers, health educators, and audiences. METHODS: TikTok myopia-related videos were retrieved using TikTok's default comprehensive search (DCS) and most liked search (MLS) strategies...

INTRODUCTION: There is a prominent sex-based difference in athletic performance such that males outperform females by 7-14% in races from 100 m to marathon. In ultramarathons, the difference is often much smaller, leading to speculation that females are "built" for the sport. However, data are confounded by the low number of female participants; just 10-30% in any given race. This study compared data from two ultramarathons where males and females competed in comparable numbers. METHODS: There were 116 and 146 starters in the 50-mile and 100-mile races, respectively (52% female)...