RBM

This study aims to investigate the ability of bone marrow imaging using third-generation dual-energy computed tomography (CT) virtual noncalcium (VNCa) to differentiate between multiple myeloma (MM) with diffuse bone marrow infiltration and red bone marrow (RBM). Bone marrow aspiration or follow-up results were used as reference. We retrospectively reviewed 188 regions of interests (ROIs) from 21 patients with confirmed MM and diffuse bone marrow infiltrations who underwent VNCa bone marrow imaging between May 2019 and September 2022...

The worldwide spread of SARS-CoV-2 has led to a significant economic and social burden on a global scale. Even though the pandemic has concluded, apprehension remains regarding the emergence of highly transmissible variants capable of evading immunity induced by either vaccination or prior infection. The success of viral penetration is due to the specific amino acid residues of the receptor-binding motif (RBM) involved in viral attachment. This region interacts with the cellular receptor ACE2, triggering a neutralizing antibody (nAb) response...

Artificial intelligence has surged forward with the advent of generative models, which rely heavily on stochastic computing architectures enhanced by true random number generators with adjustable sampling probabilities. In this study, we develop spin-orbit torque magnetic tunnel junctions (SOT-MTJs), investigating their sigmoid-style switching probability as a function of the driving voltage. This feature proves to be ideally suited for stochastic computing algorithms such as the restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM) prevalent in pretraining processes...

On December 12th, 2023, the European Commission took regulatory action to amend Annex XVII of REACH, imposing restrictions on the use of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) within the EU market owing to its high toxicity. Historically, DMF has been widely considered the gold standard for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Being urgent to propose alternative solvents, we tested the suitability of non-hazardous neat and mixed solvents. Notably, binary solvent mixtures containing dimethyl sulfoxide as one of the solvent partners demonstrated high efficacy in solubilizing reagents while maintaining the desired swelling characteristics of common resins...

Unsupervised learning based on restricted Boltzmann machine or autoencoders has become an important research domain in the area of neural networks. In this paper mathematical expressions to adaptive learning step calculation for RBM with ReLU transfer function are proposed. As a result, we can automatically estimate the step size that minimizes the loss function of the neural network and correspondingly update the learning step in every iteration. We give a theoretical justification for the proposed adaptive learning rate approach, which is based on the steepest descent method...

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a significant worldwide health emergency known as the COVID-19 pandemic. This crisis has been marked by the widespread of various variants, with certain ones causing notable apprehension. In this study, we harnessed computational techniques to scrutinize these Variants of Concern (VOCs), including various Omicron subvariants. Our approach involved the use of protein structure prediction algorithms and molecular docking techniques, we have investigated the effects of mutations within the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 and how these mutations influence its interactions with the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2) receptor...

BACKGROUND: The RNA-binding motif single-stranded interacting protein 3 (RBMS3) is a constituent of the RNA-binding motif (RBM) protein family, which assumes a pivotal role in governing cellular biogenesis processes such as the cell cycle and apoptosis. Despite an abundance of studies elucidating RBMS3's divergent roles in the genesis and advancement of various tumors, its involvement in colon cancer remains enigmatic. METHODS: The present investigation employed data analysis from TCGA and GTEx to unveil that RBMS3 expression demonstrated a diminished presence in colon cancer tissues when juxtaposed with normal colon tissues...

The growth of the broiler industry has been accompanied with concerns over the environmental and social impacts on intensive production systems, as well as the welfare of the animals themselves. As a result, since the 2000s, there has been growing interest in alternative production systems that improve animal welfare and sustainability. In this context, it is important to prioritize the welfare of broilers in commercial production systems and to use reliable welfare indicators to provide consumers with information about the welfare of the animals they consume...

INTRODUCTION: Intravenous (IV) medications are a fundamental cause of fluid overload (FO) in the intensive care unit (ICU); however, the association between IV medication use (including volume), administration timing, and FO occurrence remains unclear. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive adults admitted to an ICU ≥72 hours with available fluid balance data. FO was defined as a positive fluid balance ≥7% of admission body weight within 72 hours of ICU admission...

Virus-like particles (VLPs) offer an attractive possibility for the development of vaccines. Recombinant core antigen (HBc) of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) was expressed in different systems, and the E. coli expression system was shown to be effective for the production of HBc VLPs. Here, we used HBc of the HBV genotype G (HBc/G) as a technologically promising VLP carrier for the presentation of spike RBM and nucleocapsid protein-derived peptides of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant for subsequent immunological evaluations of obtained fusion proteins...

Identifying immune modulators that impact neutralizing antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is of great relevance. We postulated that high serum concentrations of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (sACE2) might mask the spike and interfere with antibody maturation toward the SARS-CoV-2-receptor-binding motif (RBM). We tested 717 longitudinal samples from 295 COVID-19 patients and showed a 2- to 10-fold increase of enzymatically active sACE2 (a-sACE2), with up to 1 μg/mL total sACE2 in moderate and severe patients...

BACKGROUND: Effective implant placement depends critically on the implant's level of osseointegration with the alveolar bone. To increase osseointegration during implant placement, research has concentrated on the surface modification of implants, and morphological analyses have looked at the thread pattern in close interaction with the bone's surface. AIM: This study aimed to assess and compare the extent of oral implant osseointegration in different surface modification techniques...

BACKGROUND: Risk-based monitoring (RBM) and risk-based quality management (RBQM) offer a compelling approach to increase efficiency, speed and quality in clinical trials by prioritizing and mitigating risks related to essential safety and efficacy data. Since 2013, the FDA and EMA have encouraged the use of RBM/RBQM, however adoption has been slow with limited understanding of the barriers to adoption. METHODS: The Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development conducted an online survey among pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and contract research organizations and gathered 206 responses on 32 distinct RBQM practices...

BACKGROUND: Central monitoring aims at improving the quality of clinical research by pro-actively identifying risks and remediating emerging issues in the conduct of a clinical trial that may have an adverse impact on patient safety and/or the reliability of trial results. This paper, focusing on statistical data monitoring (SDM), is the second of a series that attempts to quantify the impact of central monitoring in clinical trials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Quality improvement was assessed in studies using SDM from a single large central monitoring platform...

The current SARS-CoV-2 variants strikingly evade all authorized monoclonal antibodies and threaten the efficacy of serum-neutralizing activity elicited by vaccination or prior infection, urging the need to develop antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 and related sarbecoviruses. Here, we identified both potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies from a five-dose vaccinated donor who exhibited cross-reactive serum-neutralizing activity against diverse coronaviruses. Through single B-cell sorting and sequencing followed by a tailor-made computational pipeline, we successfully selected 86 antibodies with potential cross-neutralizing ability from 684 antibody sequences...

This study investigated the allosteric action within the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein caused by class 3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) binding. As the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has raised concerns about the effectiveness of treatments by antibodies, targeting the highly conserved class 3 epitopes has become an alternative strategy of antibody design. Simulations of explicitly solvated RBD of the BA.2.75 omicron subvariants were carried out both in the presence and in the absence of bebtelovimab, as a model example of class 3 monoclonal antibodies against the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein...

Structure-guided rational immunogen design can generate optimized immunogens that elicit a desired humoral response. Design strategies often center on targeting conserved sites on viral glycoproteins that will ultimately confer potent neutralization. For SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-2), the surface-exposed spike glycoprotein includes a broadly conserved portion, the receptor binding motif (RBM), that is required to engage the host cellular receptor, ACE2. Expanding humoral responses to this site may result in a more potent neutralizing antibody response against diverse sarbecoviruses...

LCB1 is a computationally designed three-helix miniprotein that precisely targets the spike (S) receptor-binding motif (RBM) of SARS-CoV-2, exhibiting remarkable antiviral efficacy; however, emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants could substantially compromise its neutralization effectiveness. In this study, we constructed two multivalent LCB1 fusion proteins termed LCB1T and LCB1T-Fc, and characterized their potency in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus and authentic virus in vitro. In the inhibition of various SARS-CoV-2 variants, the two LCB1 fusion proteins exhibited markedly improved inhibitory activities compared to LCB1 as anticipated; however, it was observed that relative to the D614G mutation hosting variant, the variants Delta, Lambda, and Omicron BQ...

The crucial aspect of the medical sector is healthcare in today's modern society. To analyze a massive quantity of medical information, a medical system is necessary to gain additional perspectives and facilitate prediction and diagnosis. This device should be intelligent enough to analyze a patient's state of health through social activities, individual health information, and behavior analysis. The Health Recommendation System (HRS) has become an essential mechanism for medical care. In this sense, efficient healthcare networks are critical for medical decision-making processes...

The restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) is a generative neural network that can learn in an unsupervised way. This machine has been proven to help understand complex systems, using its ability to generate samples of the system with the same observed distribution. In this work, an Ising system is simulated, creating configurations via Monte Carlo sampling and then using them to train RBMs at different temperatures. Then, 1. the ability of the machine to reconstruct system configurations and 2. its ability to be used as a detector of configurations at specific temperatures are evaluated...