Msx

BASKGROUND: Previous research has unveiled a stem cell-like transcriptome enrichment in the aldehyde dehydrogenase-expressing (ALDHhigh ) mesenchymal stromal cell (MStroC) fraction. However, considering the heterogeneity of MStroCs, with only a fraction of them presenting bona fide stem cells (MSCs), the actual potency of ALDH as an MSC-specific selection marker remains an issue. METHODS: To address this, the proliferative and differentiation potential of individual ALDHhigh and ALDHlow MStroCs incubated at low oxygen concentrations, estimated to mimic stem cell niches (0...

In Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, USA, Haplosporidium nelsoni and Perkinsus marinus are 2 active pathogens of the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), that cause MSX (multinucleated sphere with unknown affinity 'X') and dermo mortalities, respectively. Whereas studies have quantified infection intensities in oyster populations and determined whether these parasites exist in certain planktonic organisms, no studies thus far have examined both infectious agents simultaneously in water associated with areas that do and do not have oyster populations...

The recent COVID-19 pandemic revealed an urgent need to develop robust cell culture platforms which can react rapidly to respond to this kind of global health issue. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) stable pools can be a vital alternative to quickly provide gram amounts of recombinant proteins required for early-phase clinical assays. In this study, we analyze early process development data of recombinant trimeric spike protein Cumate-inducible manufacturing platform utilizing CHO stable pool as a preferred production host across three different stirred-tank bioreactor scales (0...

BACKGROUND: The tunicates form a group of filter-feeding marine animals closely related to vertebrates. They share with them a number of features such as a notochord and a dorsal neural tube in the tadpole larvae of ascidians, one of the three groups that make tunicates. However, a number of typical chordate characters have been lost in different branches of tunicates, a diverse and fast-evolving phylum. Consequently, the tunic, a sort of exoskeleton made of extracellular material including cellulose secreted by the epidermis, is the unifying character defining the tunicate phylum...

Multispecies water quality modeling is critical for simulating complex chemical reactions in drinking water distribution systems. An updated EPANET 2.2-compatible version of EPANET multi-species eXtension (EPANET-MSX) was used, which included dispersion and improved mass balance reporting, to simulate an experimental study. The use of EPANET-MSX was supplemented by an automated Python script to process experimental data, handle model execution, and analyze results. Nicotine-associated chlorine loss in drinking water-initially investigated from a drinking water security perspective-modeled with EPANET-MSX was compared with bottle test and test injection data...

The formation of complex structures, such as the craniofacial skeleton, requires precise and intricate two-way signalling between populations of cells of different embryonic origins. For example, the lower jaw, or mandible, arises from cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) in the mandibular portion of the first branchial arch (mdBA1) of the embryo, and its development is regulated by signals from the ectoderm and cranial mesoderm (CM) within this structure. The molecular mechanisms underlying CM cell influence on CNCC development in the mdBA1 remain poorly defined...

BACKGROUND: Chronic nonextreme sun exposure induces two mechanisms of skin pigmentation, causing immediate darkening and delayed tanning. A new molecule, 2-mercaptonicotinoyl glycine (2-MNG), has been shown in vitro to inhibit both immediate darkening and new melanin synthesis via covalent conjugation of the thiol group of 2-MNG to melanin precursors. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate 2-MNG in preventing both mechanisms in vivo. METHODS: In a randomized, intra-individual and controlled study, 33 subjects with melanin-rich skin were exposed to UV daylight on designated areas on the back and treated with a cosmetic formula containing 0...

It is important to maintain the safety of road driving by automatically performing a series of processes to automatically measure and repair damage to the road pavement. However, road pavements include not only damages such as longitudinal cracks, transverse cracks, alligator cracks, and potholes, but also various elements such as manholes, road marks, oil marks, shadows, and joints. Therefore, in order to separate categories that exist in various road pavements, in this paper, 13,500 digital, IR, and MSX images were collected and nine categories were automatically classified by DarkNet...

Covalently closed circular DNA plays a key role for the persistence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) since it serves as the template for viral transcription. Identification of transcription factors that regulate HBV transcription not only provides insights into molecular mechanisms of viral life cycle regulation but may also provide potential antiviral targets. In this work, we identified host MSX1 as a novel restriction factor of HBV transcription. Meanwhile, we observed higher intrahepatic MSX1 expression in chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) patients in immune active phase compared to those in immune tolerant phase, suggesting possible involvement of MSX1 in the regulation of HBV activity by the host...

XIST non-coding RNA promotes the initiation of X chromosome silencing by recruiting the protein SPEN to one X chromosome in female mammals. The SPEN protein is also called SHARP (SMRT and HDAC Associated Repressor Protein) and MINT (Msx-2 interacting nuclear target) in humans. SPEN recruits N-CoR2 and HDAC3 to initiate histone deacetylation on the X chromosome, leading to the formation of repressive chromatin marks and silencing gene expression. We dissected the contributions of different RNA and protein regions to the formation of a human XIST-SPEN complex in vitro and identified novel sequence and structure determinants that may contribute to X chromosome silencing initiation...

This study investigated a novel membrane solvent extraction (MSX) process for the recovery and separation of lithium (Li) from clay minerals using a cation exchange organic extractant [di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid] (DEHPA). The Li is selectively extracted from clay mineral leachate solution using highly efficient aluminum hydroxide sorbents to form lithium aluminum double hydroxide sulfate (LDH sulfate) as the precipitate. Several delithiation methods have been explored to separate Li from aluminum (Al)...

DNA that controls gene expression (e.g. enhancers, promoters) has seemed almost never to be conserved between distantly-related animals, like vertebrates and arthropods. This is mysterious, because development of such animals is partly organized by homologous genes with similar complex expression patterns, termed "deep homology". Here we report twenty-five regulatory DNA segments conserved across bilaterian animals, of which seven are also conserved in cnidaria (coral and sea anemone). They control developmental genes (e...

EPANET and its commercial derivatives are the most widely-used software packages for modeling free chlorine and its by-products in drinking water distribution systems. Yet, they are not sufficiently accurate, general, or efficient for deriving optimal chlorine dosing strategies at different seasonal temperatures. To overcome EPANET's limitations, an integrated set of rigorously validated multispecies process models are proposed for application within the EPANET-MSX environment. An executable (command-line) version of these MSX models is supplied for use either within the MSX environment or embedded in commercial versions of MSX...

Our laboratory has established a comprehensive program to investigate the phytochemical composition and nutritional/medicinal properties of phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract (MSX). Previous studies support MSX's therapeutic potential in diverse disease models, primarily through its anti-inflammatory effects. We recently demonstrated MSX's ability to regulate inflammatory signaling pathways and modulate inflammatory markers and proteins in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis mouse model. However, MSX's immunoregulatory properties remain unknown...

Oplegnathus punctatus is a fish species with beak-like tooth that feeds on algae, oysters, sea urchins, and other organisms attached to rocks. Currently, there are no research reports on the development and regulatory mechanisms of O. punctatus beak-like tooth. This present study firstly elucidated the nesting structure pattern of the beak-like tooth with dental formula (4, 15-16, 10-1) for O. punctatus. Four critical periods during early beak-like tooth development (28dph, 40dph, 50dph, 60dph) were also identified...

Eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica , are ecologically and economically important coastal species which provide a commercially valuable food product while also improving water quality through filtration, protecting shorelines, and providing habitat. The protozoan parasites Perkinsus marinus and Haplosporidium nesloni commonly infect oysters along the United States Atlantic and Gulf coasts and have been linked to poor oyster health and mass mortality events. In this study, wild oysters were collected from multiple reefs within four tidal creeks along the coast of Georgia to investigate P...

One of the greatest challenges for widespread utilization of solar energy is the low conversion efficiency, motivating the needs of developing more innovative approaches to improve the design of solar energy conversion equipment. Solar cell is the fundamental component of a photovoltaic (PV) system. Solar cell's precise modelling and estimation of its parameters are of paramount importance for the simulation, design, and control of PV system to achieve optimal performances. It is nontrivial to estimate the unknown parameters of solar cell due to the nonlinearity and multimodality of search space...

Our group has previously reported on the phytochemical composition and biological activities of a phenolic-enriched maple syrup extract (MSX), which showed promising anti-inflammatory effects in several disease models including diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. However, the efficacious doses of MSX and its molecular targets involved in the anti-inflammatory effects are not fully elucidated. Herein, the efficacy of MSX in a peritonitis mouse model was evaluated in a dose-finding study and the underlying mechanisms were explored using data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics assay...

Recently, two-dimensional (2D) metal sulfide halides have attracted much attention due to their unique magnetic and electronic properties. In this work, we design a family of 2D MSXs (M = Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, X = Br and I) and investigate their structural, mechanical, magnetic, and electronic properties based on first-principles calculations. We find that TiSI, VSBr, VSI, CoSI, NiSBr, and NiSI are kinetically, thermodynamically, and mechanically stable. Other 2D MSXs are unstable because MnSBr, MnSI, FeSBr, FeSI and CoSBr show significant imaginary phonon dispersions and TiSBr has a negative elastic constant ( C 44 )...

Chlorine remains the most widely used disinfectant in drinking water treatment and distribution systems worldwide. To maintain a minimum residual throughout the distribution network, chlorine dosage needs to be regulated by optimizing the locations of chlorine boosters and their scheduling (i.e., chlorine injection rates). Such optimization can be computationally expensive since it requires numerous evaluations of water quality (WQ) simulation models. In recent years, Bayesian optimization (BO) has garnered considerable attention due to its efficiency in optimizing black-box functions in a wide range of applications...