Brain perfusion imaging

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) represents 5% of malignant primary brain tumors. The clinical presentation typically includes focal neurological symptoms, increased intracranial pressure, seizures, and psychiatric symptoms. Although histological examination remains the gold standard for diagnostic confirmation, non-invasive imaging plays a crucial role for the diagnosis. In immunocompetent individuals, PCNSL usually appears as a single, well-defined, supratentorial lesion with a predilection for periventricular areas, iso- or hypointense on T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, with restricted diffusion, slightly increased perfusion, and homogenous gadolinium-enhancement...

BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents a severe injury to the brain and is associated with a high mortality (40%). Several experimental SAH models are described in the literature requiring specialized equipment and a high degree of surgical expertise. Our goal was to validate a simplified, cost-effective model to permit future studies of SAH. METHODS: SAH was induced by injection of homologous blood into the cisterna magna. Perfusion-fixation then perfusion of gelatinous India ink was performed...

OBJECTIVES: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral capsule/ventral striatum (VC/VS) is effective for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); however, DBS is associated with neurosurgical risks. Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a newer form of noninvasive (ie, nonsurgical) stimulation that can modulate deeper regions, such as the VC/VS. tFUS parameters have just begun to be studied and have often not been compared in the same participants. We explored the effects of three VC/VS tFUS protocols and an entorhinal cortex (ErC) tFUS session on the VC/VS and cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit (CSTC) in healthy individuals for later application to patients with OCD...

Unexplained neurological deterioration is occasionally observed in patients with traumatic brain injuries. We aimed to describe the clinical features of posttraumatic transient neurologic dysfunction and provide new insight into its pathophysiology. We retrospectively collected data from patients with focal neurologic deterioration of unknown origin during hospitalization for acute traumatic brain injury for 48 consecutive months. Brain imaging, including CT, diffusion weighted imaging and perfusion weighted imaging, and electroencephalography were conducted during the episodes...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Ischemic stroke disrupts functional connectivity within the brain's resting-state networks (RSNs), impacting recovery. This study evaluates the effects of NEH (Norepinephrine and Hydralazine), a cerebral perfusion augmentation therapy, on RSN integrity in a hyper-acute canine stroke model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen adult purpose-bred mongrel canines, divided into treatment and control (natural history) groups, underwent endovascular induction of acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)...

INTRODUCTION: At our institution, revascularization after indirect moyamoya surgery is routinely evaluated using magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) rather than catheter angiography. This study reviews how revascularization can be visualized on axial MRA versus catheter angiography and compares clinical outcomes of surgeries evaluated by routine postoperative MRA versus routine catheter angiography. METHODS: We reviewed the records of all patients treated at our institution who underwent unilateral encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS)/pial synangiosis 2004-2021 at 1-21 years of age...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide and significantly impacts the essential functions of daily life and social activities. Research on AD has found that its pathogenesis is related to the extracellular accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles in the cortical and limbic areas of the human brain, as well as cerebrovascular factors. The detection of Aβ or tau can be performed using various probes and methodologies. However, these modalities are expensive to implement and often require invasive procedures, limiting accessibility on a large scale...

Differentiating recurrent cerebral metastasis (CM) from brain radiation necrosis (BRN) is pivotal for guiding appropriate treatment and prognostication. Despite advances in imaging techniques, however, accurately distinguishing these conditions non-invasively is still challenging. This single-center retrospective study reviewed 32 cases (28 patients) with confirmed cerebral metastases who underwent surgical excision of lesions initially diagnosed by MRI and/or MR perfusion scans from 1 January 2015 to 30 September 2020...

Background: Extracting multiregional radiomic features from multiparametric MRI for predicting pretreatment survival in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastoma (GBM) patients is a promising approach. Methods: MRI data from 49 IDH wild-type glioblastoma patients pre-treatment were utilized. Diffusion and perfusion maps were generated, and tumor subregions segmented. Radiomic features were extracted for each tissue type and map. Feature selection on 1862 radiomic features identified 25 significant features...

STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. OBJECTIVE: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an imaging modality that has only recently seen neurosurgical application. CEUS uses inert microbubbles to intraoperatively visualize vasculature and perfusion of the brain and spinal cord in real time. Observation and augmentation of spinal cord perfusion is vital component of the management of traumatic spinal cord injury, yet there are limited imaging modalities to evaluate spinal cord perfusion...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: First, to test the feasibility of cerebral blood flow (CBF) estimation using the pulse wave amplitude in flow-related enhancement (FREE) brain MRI in comparison to pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL-MRI). Second, the potential for acceleration was evaluated retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 24 healthy study participants between 20 and 61 years had cerebral MRI. Perfusion imaging was performed with a balanced steady-state free precession sequence for FREE-MRI and with pCASL-MRI for comparison...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Acute mountain sickness is a series of brain-centered symptoms that occur when rapidly ascending to high altitude. Predicting acute mountain sickness before high-altitude exposure is crucial for protecting susceptible individuals. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of predicting acute mountain sickness after high-altitude exposure by using multimodal brain MR imaging features measured at sea level. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited 45 healthy sea-level residents who flew to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (3650 m)...

BACKGROUND: A contrast agent-free approach would be preferable to the frequently used invasive approaches for evaluating cerebral perfusion in chronic migraineurs (CM). In this work, non-invasive quantitative volumetric perfusion imaging was used to evaluate alterations in cerebral perfusion in CM. METHODS: We used conventional brain structural imaging sequences and 3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (3D PCASL) to examine thirteen CM patients and fifteen normal controls (NCs)...

OBJECTIVE: Alzheimer's disease, an irreversible neurological condition, demands timely diagnosis for effective clinical intervention. This study employs radiomics analysis to assess image features in default mode network cerebral perfusion imaging among individuals with cognitive impairment. METHODS: A radiomics analysis of cerebral perfusion imaging was conducted on 117 patients with cognitive impairment. They were divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the correlation between retinal vessel density (VD) parameters with serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) using novel optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) denoising images based on artificial intelligence (AI). METHODS: OCTA images of the optic nerve and macular area were obtained using a Canon-HS100 OCT device in 176 patients with CHD. Baseline information and blood test results were recorded...

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have shown potential for differentiating tumor progression from pseudoprogression. For pseudocontinuous ASL with a single postlabeling delay, the presence of delayed arterial transit times (ATTs) could affect the evaluation of ASL-MRI perfusion data. In this study, the influence of ATT artifacts on the perfusion assessment and differentiation between tumor progression and pseudoprogression were studied. This study comprised 66 adult patients (mean age 60 ± 13 years; 40 males) with a histologically confirmed glioblastoma who received postoperative radio (chemo)therapy...

PURPOSE: Lower-grade gliomas of histologic grades 2 and 3 follow heterogenous clinical outcomes, which necessitates risk stratification. This study aimed to evaluate whether diffusion-weighted and perfusion-weighted MRI radiomics allow overall survival (OS) prediction in patients with lower-grade gliomas and investigate its prognostic value. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, radiomic features were extracted from apparent diffusion coefficient, relative cerebral blood volume map, and Ktrans map in patients with pathologically confirmed lower-grade gliomas (January 2012-February 2019)...

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypoperfusion during ultra-early acute cerebral infarction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected from patients admitted to our hospital with acute cerebral infarction between January 2020 and January 2022, who underwent comprehensive whole-brain computed tomography perfusion imaging and angiography examinations within 6 h of onset. The F-stroke software automatically assessed and obtained relevant data (Tmax)...

UNLABELLED: Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has been popular for treating brain tumours and epilepsy. The strict control of tissue thermal damage extent is crucial for LITT. Temperature prediction is useful for predicting thermal damage extent. Accurately predicting in vivo brain tissue temperature is challenging due to the temperature dependence and the individual variations in tissue properties. Considering these factors is essential for improving the temperature prediction accuracy...

BACKGROUND: The treatment of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) who have preoperative cerebral complications remains less understood. Therefore, this study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with acute IE based on preoperative intracranial findings. METHODS: Of 32 patients with acute IE treated at our hospital between August 2015 and March 2022, 31 patients of whom preoperative intracranial imaging evaluation was available were included in our analysis and compared with those with and without intracranial findings...