resorption

Aging-related bone loss is driven by various biological factors, such as imbalanced bone metabolism from decreased osteoblast and increased osteoclast activities. Various transcriptional and post-transcriptional factors increase osteoclast activity with aging; however, studies regarding the post-translational regulators of osteoclast activity are still limited. The ubiquitin E3 ligase Pellino-1 is a well-known post-translational regulator of inflammation. However, how Pellino-1 expression regulation affects osteoclast differentiation remains unclear...

The first evidence of the existence of vitamin A was the observation 1881 that a substance present in small amounts in milk was necessary for normal development and life. It was not until more than 100 years later that it was understood that vitamin A acts as a hormone through nuclear receptors. Unlike classical hormones, vitamin A cannot be synthesized by the body but needs to be supplied by the food as retinyl esters in animal products and ß-carotene in vegetables and fruits. Globally, vitamin A deficiency is a huge health problem, but in the industrialized world excess of vitamin A has been suggested to be a risk factor for secondary osteoporosis and enhanced susceptibility to fractures...

This study aimed to comprehensively and quantitatively characterize 3-dimensional (3D) positional and morphological changes of the condyle and glenoid fossa in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion treated with bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. Twenty eligible patients treated at our institution from January 2016 to December 2021 with more than 12 months of postoperative follow-up were retrospectively enrolled. Radiographic data of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for each patient were collected at 3 stages: 1 week preoperatively (T0), immediately after surgery (T1), and at least 12 months postoperatively (T2)...

Closed treatment of mandibular condylar fractures has been used for its indications based on the fracture site, fracture status, and patient age. Posttreatment mandibular condyle size is associated with mandibular function; however, a few studies have reported bone remodeling patterns and volume changes in the condyle and glenoid fossa after mandibular condylar head fractures (CHFs). Therefore, volumetric changes in the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa were analyzed in the present study, and bone remodeling patterns were evaluated after mandibular CHFs...

The survival rate of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has steadily improved. However, osteoporosis introduced by treatment is prevalent and associated with increased mortality and disability for patients with NHL. We aimed to investigate factors impacting bone mineral density (BMD) reduction and osteoporosis, and the trend of BMD after chemotherapy. Overall, 97 newly diagnosed patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) were retrospectively enrolled. CT attenuation values were measured to assess BMD levels. Although 73...

BACKGROUND: Hemiarthroplasty (HHR) using a smaller head with rotator cuff reconstruction is a treatment option for cuff-tear arthropathy, offering advantages like facilitating rotator cuff-tear closure, increasing the lever arm of deltoid, and restoring function in irreparable cuff tears. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of this procedure. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted for 91 shoulders undergoing HHR using a smaller head with rotator cuff reconstruction between May 2005 and September 2012...

Digital complete dentures fabricated using a mucostatic impression, like intraoral scans, are desirable for their beneficial effect on long-term residual ridge stability but may have less retention than those fabricated with a mucocompressive impression. Border molding procedure may improve initial retention, thus favoring adaptation to new dentures, especially in cases where neuromuscular dysfunctions may diminish the patient's ability to cope with adapting to existing motor patterns or learn new ones. However, a mucocompressive impression may cause higher residual ridge resorption, thus resulting in a retention decrease over time...

This study aimed to quantitatively assess three-dimensional changes in the mandibular condyle with osteoarthritis using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Pre- and post-treatment CBCT images of temporomandibular joints (TMJs) from 66 patients were used to assess longitudinal changes in condylar volume within individual patients using 3D slicer software. Total volume difference (dV), net increase (dV + , bone deposition), and net decrease (dV- , bone resorption) after treatment were analyzed based on clinical and radiological factors...

BACKGROUND: Skeletal morbidity in patients with cancer has a major impact on the quality of life, and preserving bone health while improving outcomes is an important goal of modern antitumor treatment strategies. Despite their widespread use in early disease stages, the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) on the skeleton are still poorly defined. Here, we initiated a comprehensive investigation of the impact of ICIs on bone health by longitudinal assessment of bone turnover markers in patients with cancer and by validation in a novel bioengineered 3D model of bone remodeling...

BACKGROUND: The amyloid-β (Aβ) enhances the number and activity of blood monocyte-derived osteoclasts (OCs). Individuals with osteoporosis (OP) face an increased risk of developing dementia or Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite this association, the contribution of bone-resorbing OCs to the progression of AD pathology remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the potential impacts of OCs on the development of AD pathology. METHODS: We conducted targeted analysis of publicly available whole blood transcriptomes from patients with AD to characterize the blood molecular signatures and pathways associated with hyperactive OCs...

Periodontitis is a chronic disease caused by bacterial infection and is characterized with alveolar bone resorption. Bone regeneration in periodontitis remains a critical challenge because bacterial infection induced an unfavorable microenvironment for osteogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to design proper therapeutic platforms to control bacterial infection and promote bone regeneration. Herein, mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) with different pore sizes (3.0, 4.3, and 12.3 nm) was used as an in situ reactor to confine the growth of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), forming MBG@Au hybrids which combine the osteoconductivity of MBG and antibacterial properties of Au NPs...

Periodontitis, characterized by progressive alveolar bone destruction, leads to the loss of attachment and stability of the affected teeth. Macrophages, especially the proinflammatory M1 subtype, are key in periodontitis pathogenesis, driving the disease's inflammatory and destructive processes. Despite existing insight into their involvement, comprehensive understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms remains limited. TRPV1 is a non-selective cation channel protein and is known to regulate cellular function and homeostasis in macrophages...

Cranial repair in children deserves particular attention since many issues are still controversial. Furthermore, literature data offer a confused picture of outcome of cranioplasty, in terms of results and complication rates, with studies showing inadequate follow-up and including populations that are not homogeneous by age of the patients, etiology, and size of the bone defect.Indeed, age has merged in the last years as a risk factor for resorption of autologous bone flap that is still the most frequent complication in cranial repair after decompressive craniectomy...

The silent information regulator T1 (SIRT1) is linked to longevity and is a crucial mediator of osteoblast function. We investigated the direct role of Sirt1 during bone modeling and remodeling stages in vivo using Tamoxifen-inducible osteoblast-specific Sirt1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice. cKO mice exhibited lower trabecular and cortical bone mass in the distal femur. These phenotypes were coupled with lower bone formation and bone resorption. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the metabolites involved in glycolysis were significantly decreased in cKO mice...

INTRODUCTION: It's generally accepted that one of the risks associated with orthodontic treatment is apical root resorption, even though this may occur outside orthodontic treatment. In any case, it causes root shortening. Orthodontists are probably the only dental surgeons who use the inflammatory process as a therapeutic tool. They need to be aware of the risk factors for root inflammation. Along with recurrence, leukemia and periodontal problems, resorption is one of the "inconveniences" of orthodontics, which, if not inevitable, must at least be minimized...

Pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption is a rare dental anomaly marked by a radiolucent area within an unerupted tooth. This report discusses the clinical management of pre-eruptive intracoronal resorption in two mandibular premolars through vital pulp therapy using Biodentine as a sealant. Emphasising the significance of timely intervention for preserving pulp vitality and the tooth's integrity, the present case report underscores the necessity of vigilant clinical and radiographic monitoring for early detection and appropriate treatment...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prevention of periodontal bone resorption triggered by Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is crucial for dental stability. Capsaicin, known as the pungent ingredient of chili peppers, can activate key signaling molecules involved in osteogenic process. However, the effect of capsaicin on osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) under inflammation remains elusive. METHODS: P. gingivalis culture suspension was added to mimic the inflammatory status after capsaicin pretreatment...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease characterized by progressive heterogeneous changes in articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Osteoclast stimulating factor 1 (OSTF1) is a small intracellular protein involved in bone formation and bone resorption. However, to our best knowledge, its role in OA is still unclear. In this study, an OA rat model was established by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ALCT). OSTF1 was increased in the cartilage tissues of OA patients and OA rats. Next, the role of OSTF1 in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation was explored through loss of function assays...

Therapy with thyroid hormones normally is restricted to substitution therapy of patients with primary or secondary hypothyroidism. Typically, thyroid hormones are given orally. There are few indications for intravenous use of thyroid hormones. Indications for parenteral application are insufficient resorption of oral medications due to alterations of the gastrointestinal tract, partial or total loss of consciousness, sedation in the intensive care unit or shock. In almost all cases levothyroxine is the therapy of choice including congenital hypothyroidism...

OBJECTIVE: Low impacted third molars are usually asymptomatic and are often found by X-ray examination. The removal of asymptomatic low impacted third molars is one of the most controversial clinical issues in oral and maxillofacial surgery. METHODS: In this study, 806 patients with low impacted mandibular third molars (LIMTMs) (full bony impaction) were analyzed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for cystic lesions and adjacent tooth root resorption throughout the patients' entire life cycle...