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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fulvio De Santis, Stefania Gubbiotti
The expected value of the standard power function of a test, computed with respect to a design prior distribution, is often used to evaluate the probability of success of an experiment. However, looking only at the expected value might be reductive. Instead, the whole probability distribution of the power function induced by the design prior can be exploited. In this article we consider one-sided testing for the scale parameter of exponential families and we derive general unifying expressions for cumulative distribution and density functions of the random power...
May 10, 2024: Statistics in Medicine
#42
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Danielle L Orrell, Daniel Sadd, Kirsty L Jones, Kate Chadwick, Tiffany Simpson, Darcy E Philpott, Nigel E Hussey
Rock hind (Epinephelus adscensionis) and spotted moray (Gymnothorax moringa) are ubiquitous mesopredators that co-occur in the nearshore waters of Ascension Island in the South Atlantic Ocean, where they have significant cultural and subsistence value, but management of their non-commercial take is limited. This isolated volcanic system is home to high biomass and low species diversity, which poses two key questions: How can two mesopredators that perform similar ecological roles coexist? And if these two species are so ecologically similar, can they be managed using the same approach? Here, we combined acoustic telemetry, stomach content analysis, and stable isotope analysis to (i) explore space use and diet choices within and between these two species and (ii) to assess appropriate species-specific management options...
April 17, 2024: Journal of Fish Biology
#43
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu Dong, Hao Huang, Aiping Wang
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer stands as the most prevalent type of cancer affecting women globally, and chemotherapy plays a pivotal role in its treatment by diminishing tumour recurrence and enhancing the survival rates of patients. However, chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) often occurs in patients undergoing treatment. Although multiple clinical trials have indicated that exercise therapy can improve CRCI in patients with breast cancer, there are variations in the types of exercise interventions and their effectiveness...
April 17, 2024: BMJ Open
#44
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jin Cai, Xiao-Jian Wei, Ping Jiang, Yu-Qi Liang
Understanding the strength of trade-off and synergistic relationships among ecosystem services (ESs) is crucial for ecological management and restoration in the Fenhe River Basin. However, there is still a lack of sufficient research on the driving variables and spatial pattern optimization of the strength of ESs relationships in this area. Based on the quantitative assessment of six ESs in the Fenhe River Basin in 2000 and 2020, the ecosystem services trade-off synergy index (TSI) was introduced to quantitatively measure the strength of trade-off and synergistic relationships between each pair of ESs...
May 8, 2024: Huan Jing Ke Xue= Huanjing Kexue
#45
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peng Li, Meifeng Cai, Shengjun Miao, Yuan Li, Liang Sun, Jiangtao Wang, Mostafa Gorjian
The stress measurements determined by both the overcoring (OC) and hydraulic fracturing (HF) methods in the Shuichang iron mine and Sanshandao gold mine were compared and evaluated, respectively. The results indicate that the independent OC and HF data in the two mines reveal the same dominant faulting stress regime. The σH orientations derived from the OC and HF methods in the Shuichang iron mine are dominantly oriented in the N81.1°W-N89.4°W and N77.0°E-N88.0°E, respectively, and the σH orientations yielded from the OC and HF techniques in the Sanshandao gold mine are predominantly in the N30°W-N90°W and N55...
April 16, 2024: Scientific Reports
#46
REVIEW
Archana Mishra, Rituparna Maiti, Biswa Ranjan Mishra, Anand Srinivasan
Clozapine is the only approved drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but the response to the drug is often inadequate. Augmentation with other antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants is recommended for such patients, but there is a lack of evidence regarding the most effective therapy. This network meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological agents used in the augmentation strategies in patients who were partial/ non-responders to clozapine. Relevant data were extracted from 30 randomized controlled trials through searches of electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, clinical trial registries)...
May 31, 2024: Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience: the Official Scientific Journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology
#47
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hai-Wei Liang, Hannu Koistinen, Emily S Barrett, Xiaoshuang Xun, Qing Yin, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Nora K Moog, Carla Ng, Thomas G O'Connor, Rich Miller, Jennifer J Adibi
BACKGROUND: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely detected in pregnant women and associated with adverse outcomes related to impaired placental function. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a dimeric glycoprotein hormone that can indicate placental toxicity. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to quantify the association of serum PFAS with placental hCG, measured as an intact molecule (hCG), as free alpha-(<mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>hCG</mml:mtext><mml:mi>α</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>) and beta-subunits (<mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...
April 2024: Environmental Health Perspectives
#48
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nachshon Korem, Or Duek, Tobias Spiller, Ziv Ben-Zion, Ifat Levy, Ilan Harpaz-Rotem
IMPORTANCE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is marked by the contrasting symptoms of hyperemotional reactivity and emotional numbing (ie, reduced emotional reactivity). Comprehending the mechanism that governs the transition between neutral and negative emotional states is crucial for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. OBJECTIVES: To explore whether individuals with PTSD experience a more pronounced shift between neutral and negative emotional states and how the intensity of emotional numbing symptoms impacts this shift...
April 1, 2024: JAMA Network Open
#49
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ran Zhang, Xiaohan Li, Mingkun Zhao, Caihua Wan, Xuming Luo, Shiqiang Liu, Yu Zhang, Yizhan Wang, Guoqiang Yu, Xiufeng Han
The incorporation of randomness into stochastic computing can provide ample opportunities for applications such as simulated annealing, non-polynomial hard problem solving, and Bayesian neuron networks. In these cases, a considerable number of random numbers with an accurate and configurable probability distribution function (PDF) are indispensable. Preferably, these random numbers are provided at the hardware level to improve speed, efficiency, and parallelism. In this paper, how spin-orbit torque magnetic tunnel junctions (SOT-MTJs) with high barriers are suitable candidates for the desired true random number generators is demonstrated...
April 15, 2024: Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
#50
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei Yang, Joshua B Rubin
BACKGROUND: The significant sex and gender differences that exist in cancer mechanisms, incidence, and survival, have yet to impact clinical practice. One barrier to translation is that cancer phenotypes cannot be segregated into distinct male versus female categories. Instead, within this convenient but contrived dichotomy, male and female cancer phenotypes are highly overlapping and vary between female- and male- skewed extremes. Thus, sex and gender-specific treatments are unrealistic, and our translational goal should be adaptation of treatment to the variable effects of sex and gender on targetable pathways...
April 15, 2024: Biology of Sex Differences
#51
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liz Mittal, Camarie S Perry, Alexander D Blanchette, Deborah M Proctor
Electric arc furnace (EAF) slag is a coproduct of steel production used primarily for construction purposes. Some applications of EAF slag result in residential exposures by incidental ingestion and inhalation of airborne dust. To evaluate potential health risks, an EAF slag characterization program was conducted to measure concentrations of metals and leaching potential (including oral bioaccessibility) in 38 EAF slag samples. Arsenic, hexavalent chromium, iron, vanadium, and manganese (Mn) were identified as constituents of interest (COIs)...
April 15, 2024: Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
#52
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cody Chiuzan, Hakim-Moulay Dehbi
In the last few years, numerous novel designs have been proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of phase I trials to identify the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) or the optimal biological dose (OBD) for noncytotoxic agents. However, the conventional 3+3 approach, known for its and poor performance, continues to be an attractive choice for many trials despite these alternative suggestions. The article seeks to underscore the importance of moving beyond the 3+3 design by highlighting a different key element in trial design: the estimation of sample size and its crucial role in predicting toxicity and determining the MTD...
April 15, 2024: Clinical Trials: Journal of the Society for Clinical Trials
#53
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Orsolya Vámos, Péter Komora, Noémi Gede, Péter Hegyi, Kata Kelemen, Gábor Varga, Krisztina Mikulás, Beáta Kerémi, Barbara Kispélyi
INTRODUCTION: Smokers have a higher chance of developing peri-implant diseases and are therefore considered an at-risk population. Our aim was to compare peri-implant characteristics in users of electronic cigarettes (EC), waterpipes (WP), cigarettes (CS), smokeless tobacco (ST), and non-smokers (non-users of any nicotine and tobacco product; NS). METHODS: A systematic search of four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL) was performed until April 2023, restricted to English language...
April 15, 2024: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
#54
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min Jeong Hong, Chan Seop Ko, Dae Yeon Kim
This study conducted phenotypic evaluations on a wheat F3 population derived from 155 F2 plants. Traits related to seed color, including chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, anthocyanin, L *, a *, and b *, were assessed, revealing highly significant correlations among various traits. Genotyping using 81,587 SNP markers resulted in 3969 high-quality markers, revealing a genome-wide distribution with varying densities across chromosomes. A genome-wide association study using fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) and Bayesian-information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway (BLINK) identified 11 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) associated with L *, a *, and b *, and chromosomal distribution patterns revealed predominant locations on chromosomes 2A, 2B, and 4B...
March 22, 2024: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
#55
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyun Sung Joh, Seung Hun Lee, Jinhwan Jo, Hyun Kuk Kim, Woo-Hyun Lim, Hack-Lyoung Kim, Jae-Bin Seo, Woo-Young Chung, Sang-Hyun Kim, Joo-Hee Zo, Myung-A Kim, Min Chul Kim, Ju Han Kim, Young Joon Hong, Young Keun Ahn, Myung Ho Jeong, Seung Ho Hur, Doo Il Kim, Kiyuk Chang, Hun Sik Park, Jang-Whan Bae, Jin-Ok Jeong, Yong Hwan Park, Kyeong Ho Yun, Chang-Hwan Yoon, Yisik Kim, Jin-Yong Hwang, Hyo-Soo Kim, David Hong, Woochan Kwon, Ki Hong Choi, Taek Kyu Park, Jeong Hoon Yang, Young Bin Song, Joo-Yong Hahn, Seung-Hyuk Choi, Hyeon-Cheol Gwon, Joo Myung Lee
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: There are no clinical data on the efficacy of intravascular imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared with angiography-guided PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cardiogenic shock. The current study sought to evaluate the impact of intravascular imaging-guided PCI in patients with AMI and cardiogenic shock. METHODS: Among a total of 28 732 patients from the nationwide pooled registry of KAMIR-NIH (November, 2011 to December, 2015) and KAMIR-Ⅴ (January, 2016 to June, 2020), we selected a total of 1833 patients (6...
April 10, 2024: Revista Española de Cardiología
#56
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Winston Dunn, Yanming Li, Ashwani K Singal, Douglas A Simonetto, Luis A Díaz, Francisco Idalsoaga, Gustavo Ayares, Jorge Arnold, María Ayala-Valverde, Diego Perez, Jaime Gomez, Rodrigo Escarate, Eduardo Fuentes-López, Carolina Ramirez-Cadiz, Dalia Morales-Arraez, Wei Zhang, Steve Qian, Joseph C Ahn, Seth Buryska, Heer Mehta, Nicholas Dunn, Muhammad Waleed, Horia Stefanescu, Andreea Bumbu, Adelina Horhat, Bashar Attar, Rohit Agrawal, Joaquín Cabezas, Victor Echavaría, Berta Cuyàs, Maria Poca, German Soriano, Shiv K Sarin, Rakhi Maiwall, Prasun K Jalal, Fátima Higuera-de-la-Tijera, Anand V Kulkarni, P Nagaraja Rao, Patricia Guerra-Salazar, Lubomir Skladaný, Natália Kubánek, Veronica Prado, Ana Clemente-Sanchez, Diego Rincon, Tehseen Haider, Kristina R Chacko, Gustavo A Romero, Florencia D Pollarsky, Juan C Restrepo, Luis G Toro, Pamela Yaquich, Manuel Mendizabal, Maria L Garrido, Sebastián Marciano, Melisa Dirchwolf, Victor Vargas, César Jiménez, David Hudson, Guadalupe García-Tsao, Guillermo Ortiz, Juan G Abraldes, Patrick S Kamath, Marco Arrese, Vijay H Shah, Ramon Bataller, Juan P Arab
BACKGROUND AIMS: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) poses significant short-term mortality. Existing prognostic models lack precision for 90-day mortality. Utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) in a global cohort, we sought to derive and validate an enhanced prognostic model. APPROACH AND RESULTS: The Global AlcHep initiative, a retrospective study across 23 centers in 12 countries, enrolled AH patients per NIAAA criteria. Centers were partitioned into derivation (11 centers, 860 patients) and validation cohorts (12 centers, 859 patients)...
April 12, 2024: Hepatology: Official Journal of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases
#57
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hesam Talebiyan, Leonardo Duenas-Osorio
Communities face the challenge of finding restoration strategies in the aftermath of disasters. In particular, independent and self-interested utility managers devise such strategies for infrastructure through a heuristic decentralized process. This paper takes a game-theoretic approach to model the decentralized and strategic restoration decision making with application to interdependent infrastructure. Particularly, we model the decision process using simultaneous games to investigate decision makers' conflicting preferences...
April 11, 2024: Risk Analysis: An Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis
#58
REVIEW
Daniel M Zuckerman, August George
On the one hand, much of computational chemistry is concerned with "bottom-up" calculations which elucidate observable behavior starting from exact or approximated physical laws, a paradigm exemplified by typical quantum mechanical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. On the other hand, "top down" computations aiming to formulate mathematical models consistent with observed data, e.g., parametrizing force fields, binding or kinetic models, have been of interest for decades but recently have grown in sophistication with the use of Bayesian inference (BI)...
April 11, 2024: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
#59
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Želimir Kurtanjek
RESEARCH BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to emphasize the importance of artificial intelligence (AI) and causality modelling of food quality and analysis with 'big data'. AI with structural causal modelling (SCM), based on Bayesian networks and deep learning, enables the integration of theoretical field knowledge in food technology with process production, physicochemical analytics and consumer organoleptic assessments. Food products have complex nature and data are highly dimensional, with intricate interrelations (correlations) that are difficult to relate to consumer sensory perception of food quality...
March 2024: Food Technology and Biotechnology
#60
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Azra Tafro, Goran Koletić, Goran Milas, Aleksandar Štulhofer
Using a Bayesian statistical approach, this study aimed to provide a robust assessment of associations between religiosity and personal faith, timing of sexual initiation and sexual risk taking in young people. To produce posterior probability distribution of the estimation of associations, this study combined two population-based surveys of emerging Croatian adults and meta-analytical estimates pertaining to international studies published between 2000 and 2020. Regardless of the prior used, age at sexual debut was delayed by both religiosity (correlations ranged from 0...
2024: International Journal of Sexual Health
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