three dimensional printing

Certain fox species plunge-dive into snow to catch prey (e.g., rodents), a hunting mechanism called mousing. Red and arctic foxes can dive into snow at speeds ranging between 2 and 4 m/s. Such mousing behavior is facilitated by a slim, narrow facial structure. Here, we investigate how foxes dive into snow efficiently by studying the role of skull morphology on impact forces it experiences. In this study, we reproduce the mousing behavior in the lab using three-dimensional (3D) printed fox skulls dropped into fresh snow to quantify the dynamic force of impact...

Objective: To compare the efficacy of conventional open ankle fusion and three dimensional(3D) printed guide plate assisted arthroscopic ankle fusion. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed on 256 patients with advanced traumatic ankle arthritis, who were admitted to the Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from May 2018 to February 2023 and underwent ankle fusion procedures. The study cohort comprised 119 males and 137 females, with an age of (59...

Three-dimensional (3D) printing with polycarbonate (PC) plastic occurs in manufacturing settings, homes, and schools. Emissions generated during printing with PC stock and bisphenol-A (BPA), an endocrine disrupter in PC, may induce adverse health effects. Inhalation of 3D printer emissions, and changes in endocrine function may lead to cardiovascular dysfunction. The goal of this study was to determine whether there were any changes in markers of peripheral or cardiovascular dysfunction in animals exposed to PC-emissions...

Despite the technological importance of semiconductor black phosphorus (BP) in materials science, maintaining the stability of BP crystals in organic media and protecting them from environmental oxidation remains challenging. In this study, we present the synthesis of bulk BP and the exploitation of the viscoelastic properties of a regenerated silk fibroin (SF) film as a biocompatible substrate to transfer BP flakes, thereby preventing oxidation. A model based on the flow of polymers revealed that the applied flow-induced stresses exceed the yield stress of the BP aggregate...

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has great potential in the applications of tissue engineering, including cell culturing meat, because of its versatility and bioimitability. However, existing bio-inks used as edible scaffold materials lack high biocompatibility and mechanical strength to enable cell growth inside. Here, we added starch nanoparticles (SNPs) in a gelatin/sodium alginate (Gel/SA) hydrogel to enhance printing and supporting properties and created a microenvironment for adherent proliferation of piscine satellite cells (PSCs)...

Laser sintering, known as powder bed fusion-laser beam (PBF-LB), offers promising potential for the fabrication of patient-specific drugs. The aim of this study was to provide an insight into the PBF-LB process with regard to the process parameters, in particular the laser hatching distance, and its influence on the properties of zolpidem tartrate (ZT) tablets. PHARMACOAT® 603 was used as the polymer, while Candurin® Gold Sheen and AEROSIL® 200 were added to facilitate 3D printing. The particle size distribution of the powder blend showed that the layer height should be set to 100 µm, while the laser hatching distance was varied in five different steps (50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 µm), keeping the temperature and laser scanning speed constant...

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PURPOSE: The deep circumflex iliac crest flap (DCIA) is used for the reconstruction of the jaw. For fitting of the transplant by computer-aided planning (CAD), a computerized tomography (CT) of the jaw and the pelvis is necessary. Ready-made cutting guides save a pelvic CT and healthcare resources while maintaining the advantages of the CAD planning. METHODS: A total of 2000 CTs of the pelvis were divided into groups of 500 by sex and age (≤ 45 and > 45 years)...

Fingerprint recognition systems have achieved widespread integration into various technological devices, including cell phones, computers, door locks, and time attendance machines. Nevertheless, individuals with worn fingerprints encounter challenges when attempting to unlock original fingerprint systems, which results in disruptions to their daily activities. This study explores two distinct methods for fingerprint backup: traditional fingerprint impression and 3D printing technologies. Unlocking tests were conducted on commonly available optical fingerprint lock-equipped cell phones to assess the efficacy of these methods, particularly in unlocking with worn fingerprints...

Low-cost air quality sensors (LCSs) are becoming more ubiquitous as individuals and communities seek to reduce their exposure to poor air quality. Compact, efficient, and aesthetically designed sensor housings that do not interfere with the target air quality measurements are a necessary component of a low-cost sensing system. The selection of appropriate housing material can be an important factor in air quality applications employing LCSs. Three-dimensional printing, specifically fused deposition modeling (FDM), is a standard for prototyping and small-scale custom plastics production because of its low cost and ability for rapid iteration...

Three-dimensional printing provides more versatility in the fabrication of scaffold materials for hard and soft tissue replacement, but a critical component is the ink. The ink solution should be biocompatible, stable, and able to maintain scaffold shape, size, and function once printed. This paper describes the development of a collagen ink that remains in a liquid pre-fibrillized state prior to printing. The liquid stability occurs due to the incorporation of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) during dialysis of the collagen...

Three-dimensionally printed vascularized tissue, which is suitable for treating human cardiovascular diseases, should possess excellent biocompatibility, mechanical performance, and the structure of complex vascular networks. In this paper, we propose a method for fabricating vascularized tissue based on coaxial 3D bioprinting technology combined with the mold method. Sodium alginate (SA) solution was chosen as the bioink material, while the cross-linking agent was a calcium chloride (CaCl2 ) solution. To obtain the optimal parameters for the fabrication of vascular scaffolds, we first formulated theoretical models of a coaxial jet and a vascular network...

Achieving precise control over the motion position and attitude direction of magnetic microrobots remains a challenging task in the realm of microrobotics. To address this challenge, our research team has successfully implemented synchronized control of a microrobot's motion position and attitude direction through the integration of electromagnetic coils and permanent magnets. The whole drive system consists of two components. Firstly, a stepper motor propels the delta structure, altering the position of the end-mounted permanent magnet to induce microrobot movement...

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology in pharmaceutical areas is leading to a significant change in controlled drug delivery and pharmaceutical product development. Pharmaceutical industries and academics are becoming increasingly interested in this innovative technology due to its inherent inexpensiveness and rapid prototyping. The 3DP process could be established in the pharmaceutical industry to replace conventional large-scale manufacturing processes, particularly useful for personalizing pediatric drugs...

Three-dimensional microextrusion bioprinting technology uses pneumatics, pistons, or screws to transfer and extrude bioinks containing biomaterials and cells to print biological tissues and organs. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis can simulate the flow characteristics of bioinks in a control volume, and the effect on cell viability can be predicted by calculating the physical quantities. In this study, we developed an analysis system to predict the effect of a screw-based dispenser system (SDS) on cell viability in bioinks through rheological and CFD analyses...

Three-dimensionally printed parts are increasingly used in industry for quick repairs. They are often operated in the presence of grease, oil, and others. This article describes the effect of engine mineral oil on the fatigue life of 3D-printed FDM plastic samples. For this reason, this article aimed to investigate the influence of oil on the fatigue life of materials made using this technology. Samples made of ABA, ASA, PLA, and HIPS materials were printed with 100% fill. Divided into groups, they were stored for 15, 30, and 60 days in an oil bath at a room temperature of 23 °C and an increased temperature of 70 °C...

Polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) and silicon nitride (Si3 N4 ) were combined to create five composite materials with Si3 N4 loadings ranging from 2.0 wt.% to 10.0 wt.%. The goal was to improve the mechanical properties of PETG in material extrusion (MEX) additive manufacturing (AM) and assess the effectiveness of Si3 N4 as a reinforcing agent for this particular polymer. The process began with the production of filaments, which were subsequently fed into a 3D printer to create various specimens. The specimens were manufactured according to international standards to ensure their suitability for various tests...

Nowadays, due to water pollution, more and more living beings are exposed to dangerous compounds, which can lead to them contracting diseases. The removal of contaminants (including heavy metals) from water is, therefore, a necessary aspect to guarantee the well-being of living beings. Among the most used techniques, the employment of adsorbent materials is certainly advantageous, as they are easy to synthesize and are cheap. In this work, poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels doped with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for removing Hg(II) ions from water are presented...

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting opens up many possibilities for tissue engineering, thanks to its ability to create a three-dimensional environment for cells like an extracellular matrix. However, the use of natural polymers such as silk fibroin in 3D bioprinting faces obstacles such as having a limited printability due to the low viscosity of such solutions. This study addresses these gaps by developing highly viscous, stable, and biocompatible silk fibroin-based inks. The addition of 2% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium and 1% sodium alginate to an aqueous solution containing 2...

Considering the prevalent strain on environmental resources imparted by existing food systems, prioritizing environmental sustainability is an imperative course of action. Subsequently, the shift towards sustainable production and consumption patterns engenders an escalating demand for environmentally conscious food systems. Thus, 3D-printed food technology surfaces are a promising solution noted for their efficacy in curtailing food waste, bolstering environmental sustainability, and imparting innovative strategies to the food supply chain...