Transplantation Induction

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relative safety and efficacy of early steroid withdrawal in kidney transplant patients after basiliximab compared to anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) induction therapy is unknown. We aimed to compare kidney allograft outcomes in steroid use versus steroid discontinuation after basiliximab and ATG induction from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of the UNOS database and included first kidney transplant recipients who received ATG or basiliximab induction therapy...

Kidney organoids are an innovative tool in transplantation research. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether kidney organoids are susceptible for allo-immune attack and whether they can be used as a model to study allo-immunity in kidney transplantation. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids were co-cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which resulted in invasion of allogeneic T-cells around nephron structures and macrophages in the stromal cell compartment of the organoids...

PURPOSE: Kidney transplantation has a survival benefit for people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and end-stage kidney disease, however increased rates of rejection remain an issue. Questions remain regarding the impact of induction immunosuppression therapy and antiretroviral (ARV) choice on long-term outcomes. METHODS: We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of outcomes in recipients with HIV who received kidneys from donors without HIV transplanted between 2004 and 2019...

BACKGROUND: Nutritional prehabilitation may improve haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes, although little evidence exists. The present study aimed to understand healthcare professional (HCP) perceptions of prehabilitation and nutritional care pre-HCT in UK centres. METHODS: An anonymous online survey (developed and refined via content experts and piloting) was administered via email to multidisciplinary HCPs in 39 UK adult centres, between July 2021 and June 2022...

This case involves a 53-year-old female with concurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma. She underwent cytarabine and daunorubicin (7+3) induction chemotherapy followed by cytarabine (HiDAC) consolidation, with an early AML relapse requiring azacitidine and venetoclax therapy. She achieved complete remission and incomplete count recovery. Following fludarabine, melphalan, and thymoglobulin induction chemotherapy, she underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant with failure to engraft, requiring autologous stem cell rescue, buffy coat, and granulocyte transfusions, eventually presenting with a diffuse skin rash consistent with Steven-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, persistent neutropenic fevers and positive blood cultures...

OBJECTIVES: Kidney transplant survival can be improved with better graft surveillance postoperatively. In the quest to explore new technologies, we explored the feasibility of an implantable Doppler probe as a blood flow monitoring device in kidney transplant patients. This qualitative study was embeddedin a feasibility trial and aimed to test the device's clinical acceptability and obtain suggestions for the development of the intervention. Objectives included exploring the experiences of feasibility study participants and identifying barriers to the implementation of implantable Doppler probes in clinical practice...

INTRODUCTION: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) mellitus is an autoimmune disease in which immune cells, predominantly effector T cells, destroy insulin-secreting beta-cells. Beta-cell destruction led to various consequences ranging from retinopathy and nephropathy to neuropathy. Different strategies have been developed to achieve normoglycemia, including exogenous glucose compensation, whole pancreas transplantation, islet transplantation, and beta-cell replacement. AREAS COVERED: The last two decades of experience have shown that indigenous glucose compensation through beta-cell regeneration and protection is a peerless method for T1D therapy...

Brentuximab vedotin (BV), an anti-CD30 antibody with monomethyl auristatin E conjugate, has shown clinical effects against relapsed/refractory classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and hence is widely used in the clinical setting. We report a special clinical case of successful pregnancy and fetal outcome in a patient with cHL who achieved long-term remission with BV for early relapse after an autologous stem cell transplant (auto-SCT). A 27-year-old woman with advanced cHL achieved complete response (CR) after six cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) regimen...

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in hospitalized patients and is associated with high mortality. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of AKI. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as regulators of the inflammatory and immune response, but its role in AKI remains unclear. METHODS: We explored the role of lncRNA Neat1 in (1) a cross-sectional and a longitudinal cohort of AKI in human; (2) three murine models of septic and aseptic AKI and (3) cultured C1...

Early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL), mixed phenotypic acute leukemia (MPAL), and acute myeloid leukemia with minimal differentiation (AML-M0) all originate from immature hematopoietic progenitor cells and have a poor prognosis. We investigated the clinical characteristics of these immature leukemias in 17 children (ETP-ALL: 8, MPAL: 5, AML-M0: 4) at seven institutions. Clinical and laboratory findings were comparable across disease types. Eleven and six patients received ALL- and AML-oriented induction chemotherapy, with six and four achieving complete remission (CR), respectively...

While the excessive inflammation in cancer cachexia is well-known to be induced by the overproduction of inflammatory mediators in the periphery, microflora disruption and brain dysfunction are also considered to contribute to the induction of cancer cachexia. Hypothalamic microglia play a crucial role in brain inflammation and central-peripheral immune circuits via the production of inflammatory mediators. In the present study, we evaluated possible changes in excessive secretion of gut microbiota-derived endotoxin and the expression timeline of several inflammation-regulatory mediators and their inhibiting modulators in hypothalamic microglia of a mouse model of cancer cachexia following transplantation of pancreatic cancer cells...

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major cause of worldwide cancer death, posing a challenge for effective treatment. Our previous findings showed that Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) QiDongNing (QDN) could upregulate the expression of p53 and trigger cell apoptosis in NSCLC. Here, our objective was to investigate the mechanisms of QDN-induced apoptosis enhancement. We chose A549 and NCI-H460 cells for validation in vitro, and LLC cells were applied to form a subcutaneous transplantation tumour model for validation in more depth...

Background: To assess the efficacy of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients with acute renal failure. Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-center study included 64 patients (30 men, 34 women) with MM and kidney damage at the onset of the disease, aged 19 to 65 years (median 54), who underwent auto-HSCT from 2013 to 2019. 23 patients (36%) were dialysis-dependent at the time of diagnosis. The analysis was carried out in two groups: the "HD-" group (patients who were independent of hemodialysis during auto-HSCT, n = 54), and the "HD +" group (patients who underwent auto-HSCT while treated with programmed hemodialysis, n = 10)...

INTRODUCTION: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by loss of immune tolerance to luminal antigens and progressive intestinal tissue injury. Thus, the re-establishment of immune tolerance is crucial for suppressing aberrant immune responses and UC progression. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the action of CDD-2103 and its bioactive compounds in mediating immune regulation in mouse models of colitis...

Despite recent therapeutic advances, ethnic minorities in the U.S. continue to have disproportionately poor outcomes in many hematologic malignancies including AML. We identified 162 adult AML patients treated at a non-transplant safety net hospital from 2007 to 2022 and evaluated differences in disease characteristics, treatment and clinical outcomes based on race and ethnicity. Our cohort consisted of 82 (50.6%) Hispanic, 36 (22.2%) non-Hispanic black and 44 (27.2%) non-Hispanic white and Asian patients. Median age at diagnosis was 42...

A 43-year-old woman was referred to our department for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia, as she failed to achieve remission following induction therapy. Umbilical cord blood transplantation was initially planned; however, multiple anti-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies with a mean fluorescence intensity of over 10,000 were detected, and optimal umbilical cord blood could not be obtained. The plan was then switched to peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) from the patient's son, who had a 5/8 HLA haploidentical match...

Background/Objectives: Potent immunosuppression lowers the incidence of acute graft rejection but increases the risk of infections. In order to decrease either infectious complications or acute rejection, it is necessary to identify risk groups of patients profiting from personalized induction immunosuppressive treatment. The aim of our analysis was to find whether there were higher incidences of infectious complications after kidney transplantation (KT) in groups with different induction immunosuppressive treatment and also to find independent risk factors for recurrent infections...

Light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is a rare multisystem disorder characterized by the deposition of misfolded amyloid fibrils derived from monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains in various organs. One of the most common organs involved in AL is the heart, with 50-70% of patients clinically symptomatic at diagnosis. We conducted a multi-center, retrospective analysis of 67 patients diagnosed between July 2012 and August 2022 with the European 2012 modification of Mayo 2004 stage III cardiac AL. The most important factors identified in the univariate Cox analysis contributing to a longer OS included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) ≤ 1, New York Heart Association functional classification (NYHA FC) ≤ 2, the use of autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) after induction treatment, achieving a hematological response (≥very good partial response) and cardiac (≥partial response) response after first-line treatment...

Obinutuzumab (O) and Rituximab (R) are two CD antibodies that have never been compared in a prospective randomised trial in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Herein, we report the long-term outcome of the LYMA-101 (NCT02896582) trial, in which newly diagnosed MCL patients were treated with chemotherapy plus O before transplantation followed by O maintenance (O group). We then compared these patients to those treated with the same treatment design with Rituximab instead of O (R group) (NCT00921414). A propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare the two populations (O vs R groups) in terms of MRD at the end of induction (EOI), PFS and OS...

Thymic negative selection of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is essential for establishing self-tolerance and acquired allograft tolerance following organ transplantation. However, it is unclear whether and how peripheral clonal deletion of alloreactive T cells induces transplantation tolerance. Here, we establish that programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) is a hallmark of alloreactive T cells and is associated with clonal expansion after alloantigen encounter. Moreover, we found that diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR)-mediated ablation of PD-1+ cells reshaped the TCR repertoire through peripheral clonal deletion of alloreactive T cells and promoted tolerance in mouse transplantation models...