chronic unpredictable stress

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a global health concern, affecting over 250 million individuals worldwide. In recent years, the gut-brain axis has emerged as a promising field for understanding the pathophysiology of MDD. Microbial metabolites, such as Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) - acetate, butyrate, and propionate -, have gained attention for their potential to influence epigenetic modifications within the host brain. However, the precise mechanisms through which these metabolites participate in MDD pathophysiology remain elusive...

Hydroxytyrosol (HT), a phenolic extra-virgin olive oil compound used as a food supplement, has been recognized to protect liver function and alleviate stress-induced depressive-like behaviors. However, its protective effects against stress-induced liver injury (SLI) remain unknown. Here, the anti-SLI effect of HT was evaluated in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced SLI. Network pharmacology combined with molecular docking was used to clarify the underlying mechanism of action of HT against SLI, followed by experimental verification...

Stress-related mental disorders have become increasingly prevalent, thus endangering mental health worldwide. Exploring stress-associated brain alterations is vital for understanding the possible neurobiological mechanisms underlying these changes. Based on existing evidence, the brain endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) plays a significant role in the stress response, and disruptions in its function are associated with the neurobiology of various stress-related disorders. This study primarily focuses on investigating the impact of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) on the expression of hippocampal cannabinoid type 1 (CB1 ) receptors, part of the ECS, in adult male and female Wistar rats...

Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) is utilized to treat depression but may cause learning/memory impairments, which may be ameliorated by anesthetics through the modulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Given that synaptic plasticity is governed by aerobic glycolysis, it remains unclear whether anesthetics modulate aerobic glycolysis to enhance learning and memory function. Depression-like behavior in rats was induced by chronic mild unpredictable stress (CUMS), with anhedonia assessed via sucrose preference test (SPT)...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is frequently associated with the occurrence and development of depression, and the co-occurrence of diabetes mellitus with depression (DD) may further reduce patients' quality of life. Recent research indicates that dopamine receptors (DRs) play a crucial role in immune and metabolic regulation. Pramipexole (PPX), a D2/3R agonist, has demonstrated promising neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of action of PPX on DM-induced depression are not clear at present...

Rodents are sensitive to the emotional state of conspecifics. While the presence of affiliative social partners mitigates the physiological response to stressors (buffering), the partners of stressed individuals show behavioral and endocrine changes indicating that stress parameters can be transmitted across the group members (contagion). In this study, we investigated the social contagion/buffering phenomena in behavior and neuroendocrine mechanisms after exposure to chronic stress, in groups of rats living in the PhenoWorld (PhW)...

PURPOSE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on chronic and unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression in mice and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 6 groups: Control, CUMS, CUMS+EA-placebo, CUMS+EA, CUMS+ ad-NC, CUMS+ ad-cGAS-shRNA. CUMS was utilized to establish the depression model in mice. The behavioral changes were determined by the forced swimming, open field, and sucrose preference experiments...

The growing burden of psychological stress among diabetes patients has contributed to a rising incidence of depression within this population. It is of significant importance to conduct research on the impact of stress on diabetes patients and to explore potential pharmacological interventions to counteract the stress-induced exacerbation of their condition. Gastrodin is a low molecular weight bioactive compound extracted from the rhizome of Gastrodiae elata Blume, and it may be a preventive strategy for diabetes and a novel treatment for depression symptoms...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: JiaWei DaChaiHu is composed of Bupleurum chinense, Scutellaria baicalensis, Pinellia ternata, Paeonia lactiflora, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Poncirus tuifoliata, Rheum palmatum L., Curcumae Radix, Herba Lysimachiae, Ziziphus. JiaWei DaChaiHu one of the most common traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of depression. AIM OF THE STUDY: The chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) has been shown to promote atherosclerosis (AS)...

BACKGROUND: Depression is a serious mental disorder and the most prevalent cause of disability and suicide worldwide. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) can lead to a significant acceleration of depression development. Quercetin (Que) is a flavonoid compound with a wide range of pharmacological effects. Recent studies have shown that quercetin can improve CUMS-induced depression-like behavior, but the mechanism of its improvement is still unclear. α2δ-1 is a regulatory subunit of voltage-gated calcium channel, which can interact with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) to form a complex...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Growing studies show that gut microbiota is closely associated with depression. Acupuncture treatment could regulate the gut microbiota of many diseases. Here, we aim to observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on gut microbiota in rats that showed depressive-like behavior. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into normal group, chronic unpredictable mild stress model (CUMS) group, CUMS + electroacupuncture (EA) group, and CUMS + sham-electroacupuncture (Sham) group...

The involvement of lipids in the mechanism of depression has triggered extensive discussions. Earlier studies have identified diminished levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and autotaxin (ATX) in individuals experiencing depression. However, the exact significance of this phenomenon in relation to depression remains inconclusive. This study seeks to explore the deeper implications of these observations. We assessed alterations in ATX and LPA in both the control group and the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model group...

The neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) is widely expressed and has important physiological functions in the nervous system across the lifespan, from axonal growth and guidance to spine and synaptic pruning, to organization of proteins at the nodes of Ranvier. NrCAM lies at the core of a functional protein network where multiple targets (including NrCAM itself) have been associated with schizophrenia. Here we investigated the effects of chronic unpredictable stress on latent inhibition, a measure of selective attention and learning which shows alterations in schizophrenia, in NrCAM knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type littermate controls (WT)...

Although there are various treatments available for depression, some patients may experience resistance to treatment or encounter adverse effects. Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) is an ancient medicinal herb used in Ayurvedic medicine for its rejuvenating, neuroprotective and psychoactive properties. This study aims to explore the antidepressant-like effects of the major constituents found in C. asiatica, i.e., asiatic acid, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, and madecassoside at three doses (1.25, 2.5, and 5mg/kg, i...

Quercetin, an abundant flavonoid compound in plants, is considered a novel antidepressant; however, its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of quercetin on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression-like behaviors in rats and explore the underlying mechanisms by combining untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA sequencing analysis of brain tissue metabolites and gut microbiota. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that at the phylum level, quercetin reduced Firmicutes and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and enhanced Cyanobacteria ...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and potentially debilitating illness whose etiology and pathology remains unclear. Non-coding RNAs have been implicated in MDD, where they display differential expression in the brain and the periphery. In this study, we quantified small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) expression by small RNA sequencing in the lateral habenula (LHb) of individuals with MDD (n = 15) and psychiatrically-healthy controls (n = 15). We uncovered five snoRNAs that exhibited differential expression between MDD and controls (FDR < 0...

Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) and fried ZSS (FZSS) have been used for treating insomnia and depression in China. However, the potential influence of chemical variations on their efficacy remains unclear. This study demonstrated that compared with ZSS, FZSS exhibited an increase in the content of seven compounds, while the fatty oil content decreased. Both ZSS and FZSS exhibited antidepressive effects in a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model, indicating a synergistic regulation of deficiencies in 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain and the hyperactivation of severe peripheral inflammation...

The combination of Chaidangbo (CDB) is an antidepressant traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription simplified by Xiaoyaosan (a classic antidepressant TCM prescription) through dismantling research, which has the effect of dispersing stagnated liver qi and nourishing blood in TCM theory. Although the antidepressant effect of CBD has been confirmed in animal studies, the material basis and possible molecular mechanism for antidepressant activity in CBD have not been clearly elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effects and potential mechanisms of CDB antidepressant fraction (petroleum ether fraction of CDB, PEFC) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression-like behavior in mice using network pharmacology and metabolomics...

Defective β-catenin signaling is accompanied with compensatory neurogenesis process that may pave to anxiety. β-Catenin has a distinct role in alleviating anxiety in adolescence; however, it undergoes degradation by the degradation complex Axin and APC. Vilazodone (VZ) is a fast, effective antidepressant with SSRI activity and 5-HT1A partial agonism that amends somatic and/or psychic symptoms of anxiety. Yet, there is no data about anxiolytic effect of VZ on anxiety-related neurogenesis provoked by stress-reduced β-catenin signaling...

Stress is often associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents. Stress is associated with components of metabolic syndrome and inflammation. The present study hypothesizes that aldosterone, more than corticosterone, promotes chronic stress-hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, as well as renal inflammation and fibrosis in young adult rats. Thirty-two young adult male Wistar rats of 51 days old were divided into four groups (n = 8 per group): Control (C), chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS), control plus vehicle (C plus veh), CUMS plus eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker (CUMS plus EP)...