Vitreous

PURPOSE: To describe the advantages of Ngenuity 3D digital filters for enhancing visualization during cataract and corneal transplant surgery. METHODS: All surgeries were performed by the same experienced surgeon (L.M.) using the Ngenuity 3D heads-up visualization system connected to a microscope. Images were simultaneously captured with and without the filter in each of the following phases: endothelial evaluation, capsulorhexis, capsule rupture, vitreous leak, cortex removal, visco removal, corneal suture, descemetorhexis, DMEK graft preparation and insertion...

Gold nanoclusters are a smart platform for sensing potassium ions (K+ ). They have been synthesized using bovine serum albumin (BSA) and valinomycin (Val) to protect and cap the nanoclusters. The nanoclusters (Val-AuNCs) produced have a red emission at 616 nm under excitation with 470 nm. In the presence of K+ , the valinomycin polar groups switch to the molecule's interior by complexing with K+ , forming a bracelet structure, and being surrounded by the hydrophobic exterior conformation. This structure allows a proposed fluorometric method for detecting K+ by switching between the Val-AuNCs' hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity, which induces the aggregation of gold nanoclusters...

PURPOSE: To report clinical and genetic characteristics of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) in the Finnish population. METHODS: Detailed clinical and genetic data of 35 individuals with heterozygous pathogenic variants in FZD4 were gathered and analysed. RESULTS: Thirty-two individuals with FZD4 c.313A>G variant and three individuals with FZD4 c.40_49del were included in the study. The clinical phenotype was variable even among family members with the same FZD4 variant...

A 36-year-old male patient presented with a decrease in vision after undergoing scleral suturing for a left eye injury caused by an iron hook, combined with intravitreal injection of cefuroxime. Ocular examination revealed extensive gray-white edematous areas in the macular region, along with focal serous shallow retinal detachment in the posterior pole. Following admission, comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were conducted, leading to the diagnosis of toxic retinal damage in the left eye. Treatment with oral corticosteroids and interventions to improve microcirculation were initiated, resulting in improved visual acuity...

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical features, treatment protocol, outcomes, and complications that developed in this case series of 24 patients who had consecutive sterile endophthalmitis after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection. METHODS: In this retrospective case series, IVB was repackaged in individual aliquots from the three batches that were used on the same day. IVB was injected into 26 eyes of 26 patients due to diabetic macular edema, age-related macular degeneration, and branch retinal vein occlusion...

OBJECTIVE: The off-label use in clinical practice of non-approved syringes for intravitreal drug administration has resulted in the detection of silicone oil drops in the vitreous of some patients. This situation derives from the lack of approved syringes for intraocular use in the Spanish market. The aim of this work is to review the use of syringes for intraocular administration, as well as to search for alternatives that meet the legal requirements for these unmet needs. METHOD: A systematic review was performed following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines by searching PubMed with the descriptors: (silicone) AND (syringes) AND ((intraocular) OR (intravitreal)) and filtering all existing publications from January 2006 to December 2023, including all those articles dealing with silicone oil release in intravitreal injections and analysing the possible consequences...

PURPOSE: To review the current and future approaches to investigating the intraocular immune response in human uveitis. DESIGN: Perspective METHODS: Review of currently available methods for investigating the immune response in ocular tissues and fluids in patients with intraocular inflammation/ uveitis. The advantages and disadvantages of human studies have been compared to those of animal models of uveitis. RESULTS: Animal models, while being excellent tools for mechanistic studies, do not replicate the clinical and immunological heterogeneity of human uveitis...

OBJECTIVE: To study the long-term safety and efficacy of intravitreal topotecan (IVT) against vitreous seeds in eyes with retinoblastoma and risk factors for their recurrence. DESIGN: Retrospective, non-comparative, interventional study. SUBJECTS: 91 eyes of 90 patients with retinoblastoma treated between January 2013 to April 2019. INTERVENTION: Patients with recurrent or refractory vitreous seeds following completion of intravenous or intra-arterial chemotherapy were treated with IVT (30μg/0...

PURPOSE: To compare the quality of images of gratings placed in a model eye viewed through an extended depth of focus (EDoF) intraocular lens (IOL) to that of diffractive bifocal IOL or monofocal IOL. DESIGN: Experimental laboratory investigation. METHODS: Non-diffractive wavefront shaping EDoF (CNAET0, Alcon laboratories), echelette-designed EDoF (ZXR00V, Johnson & Johnson Vision), diffractive bifocal IOL with low power addition (SV25T, Alcon Laboratories), or monofocal IOL (CNA0T0, Alcon laboratories) was placed in a fluid-filled model eye...

PURPOSE: We investigated personality traits and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with primary vitreous floaters. METHODS: A U.K. sample of adult patients (> 18 years old) with vitreous floaters of a minimum of three months severe enough to seek a consultation was assessed for personality traits (The Big Five Inventory (BFI)), symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and symptoms of anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7)...

Endophthalmitis is one of the most severe ocular emergencies faced by ophthalmologists worldwide. Without prompt treatment significant visual loss is inevitable. With increased understanding of the science of endophthalmitis, recent studies have shown a clear role of early and more definitive surgery to achieve better visual and anatomic outcomes. Surgery in endophthalmitis encompasses a whole gamut of interventions. There are diagnostic procedures like anterior chamber tap and vitreous biopsy or therapeutic procedures like complete pars plana vitrectomy and retinal detachment repair...

Previous concepts for the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) have focused on the central role of retinal pigment epithelium cells only, potentially contributing to the lack of clinical advances. More recent studies have demonstrated the essential role of retinal glial cells in the PVR healing response but failed to identify a consistent triggering mechanism.We propose a revised concept for the pathogenesis of PVR based on retinal injury and response. A posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is invariably present in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and PVR...

PURPOSE: The aim of this report is to present the onset of bilateral endophthalmitis negative to culture testing and vitreous tapping in a postpartum immunocompetent patient. METHODS: A 33-year-old patient developed floaters and severe blurry vision in both eyes 3 weeks after childbirth. With no previous surgery, no comorbidities in her clinical history, and negative diagnostic reports, endogenous endophthalmitis was suspected. Two days later, a pars plana vitrectomy was performed in both eyes one week apart, and intravitreal antibiotics and antifungals were administered during the surgery...

This paper presents the development of a novel high-pressure/high-temperature reactor cell dedicated to the characterization of catalysts using synchrotron x-ray absorption spectroscopy under operando conditions. The design of the vitreous carbon reactor allows its use as a plug-flow reactor, monitoring catalyst samples in a powder form with a continuous gas flow at high-temperature (up to 1000 °C) and under high pressure (up to 1000 bar) conditions, depending on the gas environment. The high-pressure/high-temperature reactor cell incorporates an automated gas distribution system and offers the capability to operate in both transmission and fluorescence detection modes...

Post-mortem examination of the eye provides valuable forensic information yet is often overlooked. This brief review focuses on determining the cause/manner of death and post-mortem interval. External eye findings like corneal haziness and tache noire, combined with post-mortem changes in the iris, lens, retina and vitreous humour, can help estimate time since death. Ocular biometrics (iris/retinal scans) may facilitate identification. Age-related ocular changes can provide insights. The eye offers clues into personality (corneal tattooing, trichotillomania) and cause of death (petechiae in strangulation, retinal haemorrhages in abusive head trauma)...

PURPOSE: To assess the performance of "Bard," one of ChatGPT's competitors, in answering practice questions for the ophthalmology board certification exam. METHODS: In December 2023, 250 multiple-choice questions from the "BoardVitals" ophthalmology exam question bank were randomly selected and entered into Bard to assess the artificial intelligence chatbot's ability to comprehend, process, and answer complex scientific and clinical ophthalmic questions. A random mix of text-only and image-and-text questions were selected from 10 subsections...

Extralymphatic filariasis caused by filaria of zoonotic origins has been frequently reported in Thailand over recent years. Here, we report the first case of ocular filariasis in a 7.5-year-old Thai boy who initially presented with progressive conjunctival redness and blurred vision in his right eye. A small, slender, coiled worm was found and surgically removed from the right anterior chamber. Histopathological examination illustrated predominant eosinophilic inflammation surrounding the parasite, which showed smooth and thin cuticle, prominent lateral chords, flat and broad muscle cells, one intestine, and two reproductive tubes with unsegmented ova, typically characteristic of a female adult Brugia filarial nematode...

PURPOSE: Fungal endophthalmitis is characterized by chronic inflammation leading to the partial or complete vision loss. Herein, we analyzed the transcriptomic landscape of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) endophthalmitis in C57BL/6 mice to understand the host-pathogen interactions. METHODS: Endophthalmitis was induced by intravitreal injection of A. flavus spores in C57BL/6 mice and monitored for disease progression up to 72 hours. The enucleated eyeballs were subjected to histopathological analysis and mRNA sequencing using the Illumina Nextseq 2000...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background: To prepare ocular emulsions containing bipartitioned oil droplets to entrap cyclosporin A (0.05% w/w) and etodolac (0.2% w/w) by using castor, olive and silicon oils. Methods: The physicochemical characterizations of prepared emulsions were performed. The drug's biodistribution profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters from emulsions were checked using the ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method in the ocular tissues of the healthy rabbit eye model. Results: The emulsions displayed 365...