Respiratory

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Hemorrhagic shock results in acute respiratory failure due to respiratory muscle fatigue and inadequate pulmonary blood flow. Because positive pressure ventilation can reduce venous return and cardiac output, clinicians should use the minimum possible mean airway pressure during assisted or mechanical ventilation, particularly during episodes of severe hypovolemia. Hypoperfusion also worsens dead space fraction. Therefore, clinicians should monitor capnography during mechanical ventilation and recognize that hypercapnia may be treated with fluid resuscitation rather than increasing minute ventilation...

RATIONALE: Information is limited about the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and mental disorders in children. OBJECTIVES: In children, (1) to evaluate the association between OSA and new mental healthcare encounters; (2) to compare mental healthcare encounters two years post- to pre-OSA treatment initiation. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal cohort study using Ontario health administrative data (Canada). Children (0-18 years) who underwent diagnostic polysomnography (PSG) 2009-2016 and met criteria for definition of moderate-severe OSA (PSG-OSA) were propensity score weighted by baseline characteristics and compared to children who underwent a PSG in the same period but did not meet the OSA definition (PSG-No-OSA)...

Epithelial cells in the larynx and trachea sense harmful cues and trigger protective reflexes.

Airway neuroendocrine (NE) cells have been proposed to serve as specialized sensory epithelial cells that modulate respiratory behavior by communicating with nearby nerve endings. However, their functional properties and physiological roles in the healthy lung, trachea, and larynx remain largely unknown. In this work, we show that murine NE cells in these compartments have distinct biophysical properties but share sensitivity to two commonly aspirated noxious stimuli, water and acid. Moreover, we found that tracheal and laryngeal NE cells protect the airways by releasing adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) to activate purinoreceptive sensory neurons that initiate swallowing and expiratory reflexes...

The bone marrow is a specialised niche responsible for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells during homeostasis and inflammation. Recent studies however have extended this essential role to the extramedullary and extravascular lung microenvironment. Here, we provide further evidence for a reservoir of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells within the lung from embryonic day 18.5 until adulthood. These lung progenitors display distinct microenvironment-specific developmental kinetics compared to their bone marrow counterparts, exemplified by a rapid shift from a common myeloid to megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor dominated niche with increasing age...

RATIONALE: This article presents a complex case of refractory severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and outlines its diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Considering inadequate responses to conventional and steroid treatments, the potential efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulin is explored. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient, an elderly individual, experienced short-term fever and sore throat after encountering the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic...

Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy serves as the standard surgical treatment for periampullary tumors. Previous studies have suggested that high body mass index (BMI) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis following laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD). However, the relationship between low BMI and postoperative complications remains unclear. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 1130 patients who underwent LPD between April 2014 and December 2022 was conducted. Multivariate regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were utilized to explore the correlations between BMI and short-term outcomes, with adjustments for potential confounders...

OBJECTIVE: Lack of biomimicry in geometry and flow conditions of emissions systems for analytical testing and biological exposure has led to fundamental limitations, including a poor understanding of dose delivered to specific airway locations. This work characterizes mass distribution of a JUUL® brand e-cigarette in a Biomimetic Aerosol Exposure System (BAES). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A combination of mass balance, direct measurements, and inferences based on direct measurements were used to characterize regional and local dose as a function of system flow path configuration and emissions topography profile...

Using the GISAID EpiCoV database, we identified 256 COVID-19 patients in Japan during March 31-December 31, 2023, who had mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 5 conferring ensitrelvir resistance. Ongoing genomic surveillance is required to monitor emergence of SARS-CoV-2 mutations that are resistant to anticoronaviral drugs.

Because novel SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to emerge, immunogenicity of XBB.1.5 monovalent vaccines against live clinical isolates needs to be evaluated. We report boosting of IgG (2.1×), IgA (1.5×), and total IgG/A/M (1.7×) targeting the spike receptor-binding domain and neutralizing titers against WA1 (2.2×), XBB.1.5 (7.4×), EG.5.1 (10.5×), and JN.1 (4.7×) variants.

This article reviews noteworthy investigations and society recommendations published in 2023 relevant to the care of critically ill cardiothoracic surgical patients. We reviewed 3,214 articles to identify 18 publications that add to the existing literature across a variety of topics including resuscitation, nutrition, antibiotic management, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), neurologic care following cardiac arrest, coagulopathy and transfusion, steroids in pulmonary infections, and updated guidelines in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)...

OBJECTIVE: The present study focuses on residential areas of Delhi to identify the elevated levels of ambient PM10 and PM2.5 due to biomass burning followed by the coloring activity in the Holi festival celebrated at the end of the winter season. This study also focuses on the health risk assessment and mortality among different age groups due to the change in particulate matter levels during the Holi festival in Delhi, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Secondary data of particulate matters have been procured from the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), and Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune for the period of the pre-, during, and post-Holi period for the year 2018-2020 at four selected residential locations in Delhi, India...

The editorial explores the profound implications of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, which emerged in December 2019 and rapidly evolved into a global health crisis. Despite initial focus on respiratory symptoms, the virus revealed significant ocular implications, prompting a reevaluation of the eye's role in its transmission, diagnosis, and systemic effects. The paradoxical nature of SARS-CoV-2-simultaneously novel and familiar within the coronavirus family-has been central to guiding the global medical response, including the swift development of vaccines...

DNA adduction in the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated after exposure to the fungicide penconazole and the reference genotoxic compound benzo(a)pyrene, for validating yeasts as a tool for molecular toxicity studies, particularly of environmental pollution. The effect of the toxicants on the yeast's growth kinetics was determined as an indicator of cytotoxicity. Fermentative cultures of S. cerevisiae were exposed to 2 ppm of Penconazole during different phases of growth; while 0.2 and 2 ppm of benzo(a)pyrene were applied to the culture medium before inoculation and on exponential cultures...

Emotion dysregulation is implicated in child social anxiety and its etiology. Child emotion dysregulation has been studied via physiological indicators (e.g., respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) and behavioral indicators (e.g., effortful control). Previous work suggests that physiological indicators of regulation may predict outcomes in a non-linear manner and must be considered within the context of other intrapersonal factors, perhaps including effortful control. To this end, the current study tested effortful control as a moderator of the relation between RSA and child social anxiety, considering both linear and curvilinear patterns and controlling for inhibited temperament, an established predictor of child anxiety...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

RATIONALE: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are prevalent among patients with bronchiectasis. However, the long-term natural history of patients with NTM and bronchiectasis is not well described. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of NTM on 5-year clinical outcomes and mortality in patients with bronchiectasis. METHODS: Patients in the United States Bronchiectasis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Research Registry with ≥5 years of follow-up were eligible...

Thoracic radiographs are an essential diagnostic tool in companion animal medicine and are frequently used as a part of routine workups in patients presenting for coughing, respiratory distress, cardiovascular diseases, and for staging of neoplasia. Quality control is a critical aspect of radiology practice in preventing misdiagnosis and ensuring consistent, accurate, and reliable diagnostic imaging. Implementing an effective quality control procedure in radiology can impact patient outcomes, facilitate clinical decision-making, and decrease healthcare costs...