Peripheral pulmonary lesion

METHODS: We included all patients with respiratory symptoms (dyspnea, fever, and cough) and/or respiratory failure admitted to the SOS Médecins de nuit SARL hospital, DR Congo, during the 2nd and 3rd waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was established based on RT-PCR anti-SARS-CoV-2 tests (G1 (RT-PCR positive) vs. G2 (RT-PCR negative)), and all patients had a chest CT on the day of admission. We retrieved the digital files of patients, precisely the clinical, biological, and chest CT parameters of the day of admission as well as the vital outcome (survival or death)...

Purpose To compare the tissue adequacy and diagnostic accuracy of US-guided biopsies of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) with and without contrast agents. Materials and Methods A retrospective study was conducted at four medical centers in patients with PPLs who underwent US-guided percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) between January 2017 and October 2022. The patients were divided into contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) and US groups based on whether prebiopsy CEUS evaluation was performed. Tissue adequacy and the diagnostic accuracy of PTNB, stratified by lesion size, were analyzed and compared between groups...

Evaluation of patients with peripheral lung lesions and lesions of the chest wall and mediastinum is challenging. The nature of the lesion identified by imaging studies can be determined by histological evaluation of biopsies. An important place in this direction is the ever-increasing popularity among thoracic surgeons of the transthoracic biopsy with a cutting needle under ultrasound control (US-TTCNB).

OBJECTIVE: Segmentectomy is becoming the standard of care for small, peripheral non-small cell lung cancer. To improve perioperative management in this population, this study aims to identify factors influencing hospital length of stay after segmentectomy. METHODS: Patients who underwent segmentectomy for any indication between 01/2018-05/2023 were identified using a prospectively maintained institutional database. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between clinical features and prolonged (≥ 3days) hospital stay...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Fungal infections in neonates, particularly primary cutaneous aspergillosis (PCA), pose significant risks to premature infants with very low birth weight. This report chronicles the case of a 22-week gestational age female, with a birth weight of 430 g, who developed extensive cutaneous aspergillosis leading to extremity compartment syndrome- a first in the medical and surgical literature. CASE PRESENTATION: A female micro preemie born at 22 weeks and 2 days was critically ill during her first week of life...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Manual navigation (MN), drawing a bronchoscopic road map simply by looking at the consecutive computed tomography (CT), is feasible and economical. However, scant data about the use of MN in radial endobronchial ultrasound (r-EBUS) bronchoscopy have been documented till now. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of r-EBUS bronchoscopy guided by MN for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) and to determine clinical factors affecting the diagnostic yield...

Background: The application of transthoracic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to the study of peripheral lung lesions is still a topic of debate. The main objective of this review was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CEUS in the diagnosis of malignant subpleural pulmonary consolidations and, therefore, differentiate them from benign ones. Methods: Papers published before December 2023 were detected through a search of PubMed, Cochrane library, and Embase. The pooled specificity and sensitivity, summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were used...

Prostatic malakoplakia (PMP) is a rare inflammatory disease, and misdiagnosis on imaging is a major reason for unnecessary punctures; however, information on imaging is even rarer. Five patients with PMP between May 2022 and February 2023 were enrolled in this study to summarize the imaging manifestations. All patients underwent ultrasound (US)-guided prostate biopsy and were confirmed by pathology, and the presence of prostate cancer was also excluded by pathology. The five patients, with a median age of 71 years (range = 58-74 years), had a median total prostate-specific antigen (T-PSA) of 10...

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic yield of radial endobronchial ultrasound (r-EBUS) for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) varies between studies and is affected by multiple factors. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of r-EBUS, and to explore the factors influencing the diagnostic yield of r-EBUS in patients with PPLs. METHODS: The PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched to identify relevant studies that used r-EBUS for diagnosing PPLs from the date of inception to Dec 2022...

INTRODUCTION: The widespread use of Computed tomography (CT) as a screening tool for early lung cancer has increased detection of pulmonary lesions. It is common to encounter patients with more than one peripheral pulmonary nodule (PPN) of uncertain etiology. Shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) emerges as a potential alternative to biopsy multiple PPN, in addition to mediastinal staging in single anesthetic procedure. METHODS: Retrospective review of 22 patients who underwent ssRAB for evaluation of two or more PPN, between November 2021 and April 2023 at Mayo Clinic Florida, US...

Immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (ICIP) is thought to be a self-limiting disease; however, an effective treatment option does not currently exist. This study aimed to determine the clinical efficacy of combination therapy with glucocorticoids and pirfenidone for ICIP related to programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 45 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer who developed ICIP following PD-1 inhibitor and albumin-bound paclitaxel or carboplatin treatment at our hospital...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) protein significantly improve survival in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its impact on early-stage ground-glass opacity (GGO) lesions remains unclear. This is a single-arm, phase II trial (NCT04026841) using Simon's optimal two-stage design, of which 4 doses of sintilimab (200 mg per 3 weeks) were administrated in 36 enrolled multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) patients with persistent high-risk (Lung-RADS category 4 or had progressed within 6 months) GGOs...

Objective: To assess and compare the diagnostic efficacy of next-generation ultrathin bronchoscopy (UTB) and conventional bronchoscopy (CB), both combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound (r-EBUS), in the evaluation of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPL). Methods: A cohort of 39 patients with PPL who underwent multimodal bronchoscopy at Dushu Lake Hospital, Soochow University, from June 1, 2021 to May 31, 2023 was consecutively enrolled. A single bronchoscopist performed multimodal bronchoscopies using CB (external diameter 4...

The authors present the clinical case of a 59-year-old female patient with a history of peripheral desaturation, which was detected in the perioperative period 4 years earlier. She reported exertional dyspnea, quantified as grade 2 on the Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) Dyspnea Scale (walks slower than people of the same age because of dyspnea or has to stop for breath when walking at her own pace), and morning cough with mucoid sputum and denied platypnea, epistaxis, telangiectasias and hemoptysis...

BACKGROUND: As the effects of immunosuppression are not still clear on COVID-19 patients, we conducted this study to identify clinical and laboratory findings associated with pulmonary involvement in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. METHODS: A case-control of 107 immunocompromised and 107 immunocompetent COVID-19 patients matched for age and sex with either positive RT-PCR or clinical-radiological findings suggestive of COVID-19 enrolled in the study...

We evaluated the usefulness of endobronchial ultrasonography with guide sheath (EBUS-GS) for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) in Japan. We searched the PubMed/Medline database using the keywords "EBUS guide sheath" for Japanese studies on EBUS-GS published between January 2004 and August 2023. We included 32 original articles that evaluated the diagnostic yield of EBUS-GS for PPLs. Case reports and conference abstracts were excluded due to limited information available for quality assessment...

A 39-year-old woman originally from Northeast Africa sought medical attention for positional dyspnea. Computed tomography of the chest revealed an 8.5 cm hypodense anterior mediastinal mass with peripheral calcifications that raised a wide differential diagnosis including infectious and neoplastic lesions. Following surgical resection, a large cavitary necrotizing and calcified granuloma involving the thymus was identified on histopathological examination. The changes were associated with parasitic eggs that based on their morphology suggested infection due to trematode species...

BACKGROUND: Macrophage play a significant work in the development of tuberculosis. This study aims to investigate the relationship between TREM2 and macrophage polarization, as well as the related cytokines. METHODS: This study involved 43 pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 37 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expression levels of M1/M2 macrophage-related cytokines IL-10 and IL-12 in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis patients...

Primary pulmonary meningiomas (PPMs) are rare meningothelial proliferation that lacks characteristic imaging findings, making their distinction from other peripheral lung tumors challenging. Therefore, surgical resection is often performed for the diagnosis and treatment of PPM. Herein, we describe a surgical case of PPM that grew over 10 years. A 63-year-old woman was referred to our department due to right middle lobe lung tumor enlargement. No significant symptoms were observed. Chest computed tomography revealed a tumor in the middle lobe of the right lung...

The substantial computational cost of high-fidelity models in numerical hemodynamics has, so far, relegated their use mainly to offline treatment planning. New breakthroughs in data-driven architectures and optimization techniques for fast surrogate modeling provide an exciting opportunity to overcome these limitations, enabling the use of such technology for time-critical decisions. We discuss an application to the repair of multiple stenosis in peripheral pulmonary artery disease through either transcatheter pulmonary artery rehabilitation or surgery, where it is of interest to achieve desired pressures and flows at specific locations in the pulmonary artery tree, while minimizing the risk for the patient...