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REVIEW
Reem Kawiyani, Abdulrahman Ben-Hasan, Kawthar Mohsen, Dareen Almojil
Many studies indicated that marine habitats and organisms in the Arabian/Persian Gulf ('Gulf') are broadly deteriorating. However, this likely results from the generalization of a few declining habitats or organisms in some locations. Here, we conduct a review to evaluate the status of selected habitats (mangroves, seagrasses, and coral reefs) and organisms (exploited bony fish, sharks, rays, dolphins, whales, and dugongs) and identify major threats to them in each Gulf country (except Iraq and Oman). We show that out of 52 habitats and organisms in the six countries, the predominant status (63...
May 14, 2024: Marine Environmental Research
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Freya C Womersley, Christoph A Rohner, Katya Abrantes, Pedro Afonso, Shin Arunrugstichai, Steffen S Bach, Shir Bar, Adi Barash, Peter Barnes, Adam Barnett, Ginevra Boldrocchi, Noemie Buffat, Tom Canon, Clara Canovas Perez, Metavee Chuangcharoendee, Jesse E M Cochran, Rafael de la Parra, Stella Diamant, William Driggers, Christine Dudgeon, Mark V Erdmann, Richard Fitzpatrick, Anna Flam, Jorge Fontes, Gemma Francis, Beatriz Eugenia Galvan, Rachel Graham, Sofia M Green, Jonathan R Green, Ya'ara Grosmark, Hector M Guzman, Royale S Hardenstine, Maria Harvey, Jessica Harvey-Carroll, Abdi Wunanto Hasan, Alex R Hearn, Jill M Hendon, Mochamad Iqbal Herwata Putra, Mahardika Rizqi Himawan, Eric Hoffmayer, Jason Holmberg, Hua Hsun Hsu, Mohammed Y Jaidah, Ashlee Jansen, Christy Judd, Baraka Kuguru, Emily Lester, Bruno C L Macena, Kirsty Magson, Rossana Maguiño, Mabel Manjaji-Matsumoto, Stacia Marcoux, Travis Marcoux, Jennifer McKinney, Mark Meekan, Alejandra Mendoza, Muhammad Moazzam, Emily Monacella, Brad Norman, Cameron Perry, Simon Pierce, Clare Prebble, Dení Ramírez Macías, Holly Raudino, Samantha Reynolds, David Robinson, David Rowat, Mudjekeewis D Santos, Jennifer Schmidt, Chad Scott, Sian Tian See, Abraham Sianipar, Conrad W Speed, Ismail Syakurachman, Julian A Tyne, Kelly Waples, Chloe Winn, Ranny R Yuneni, Irthisham Zareer, Gonzalo Araujo
The expansion of the world's merchant fleet poses a great threat to the ocean's biodiversity. Collisions between ships and marine megafauna can have population-level consequences for vulnerable species. The Endangered whale shark (Rhincodon typus), shares a circumglobal distribution with this expanding fleet and tracking of movement pathways has shown that large vessel collisions pose a major threat to the species. However, it is not yet known whether they are also at risk within aggregation sites, where up to 400 individuals can gather to feed on seasonal bursts of planktonic productivity...
April 30, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Natascha Wosnick, Eric V C Schneider
This report updates our understanding of whale shark occurrences in The Bahamas by drawing upon a variety of data sources. Our findings reveal previously unreported sighting locations, often associated with tourism activities, underscoring the pivotal role played by nontraditional data sources in addressing knowledge gaps. These revelations emphasize the ongoing necessity for monitoring efforts. Additionally, we have found cases that raise concerns related to unregulated human-shark interactions in the region, highlighting the pressing need for sustainable tourism practices within Bahamian waters...
March 29, 2024: Journal of Fish Biology
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ben D'Antonio, Luciana C Ferreira, Mark Meekan, Paul G Thomson, Lilian Lieber, Patti Virtue, Chloe Power, Charitha B Pattiaratchi, Andrew S Brierley, Ana M M Sequeira, Michele Thums
BACKGROUND: Measuring coastal-pelagic prey fields at scales relevant to the movements of marine predators is challenging due to the dynamic and ephemeral nature of these environments. Whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) are thought to aggregate in nearshore tropical waters due to seasonally enhanced foraging opportunities. This implies that the three-dimensional movements of these animals may be associated with bio-physical properties that enhance prey availability. To date, few studies have tested this hypothesis...
January 31, 2024: Movement Ecology
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie Itzel Villagómez-Vélez, Elsa Noreña-Barroso, Felipe Galván-Magaña, Rogelio González-Armas, Gabriela Rodríguez-Fuentes, Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez
The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is a filter-feeding organism that can be considered a sentinel species, and Bahía de los Ángeles (BLA) in the Gulf of California is an important sighting site for these elasmobranchs. This filter-feeding organism can be considered a pollutant sampler from the marine environment. Persistent organic pollutants are toxic compounds with high mobility and environmental persistence, bioaccumulation and trophic transfer. Among these are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)...
December 23, 2023: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junchao Li, Yuan Wei, Ze Zhao, Dingrou Yao
Personalized insoles manufactured with selective laser sintering (SLS) technology are popular especially for exercisers and patients with foot diseases. However, insufficient strength and toughness of personalized insoles would result in crack and even fracture. To address these deficiencies and fill the research shortages in this area, optimization of process parameters and design of cell structures are conducted to improve the mechanical performance of insoles in this topic. First, six sets of process parameters in terms of energy density were designed for parameter optimization...
October 1, 2023: 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryosuke Motani, Kenshu Shimada
Tunas, lamnid sharks, modern whales, and derived ichthyosaurs converged on the thunniform body plan, with a fusiform body, lunate caudal fin, compressed peduncle, and peduncle joint. This evolutionary convergence has been studied for a long time but little is known about whether all four clades share any skeletal characteristics. Comparisons of vertebral centrum dimensions along the body reveal that the four clades indeed share three skeletal characteristics (e.g., thick vertebral column for its length), while an additional feature is shared by cetaceans, lamnid sharks, and ichthyosaurs and two more by lamnid sharks and ichthyosaurs alone...
October 4, 2023: Scientific Reports
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joel H Gayford, William D Pearse, Rafael De La Parra Venegas, Darren A Whitehead
Shark populations globally are facing catastrophic declines. Ecotourism has been posited as a potential solution to many of the issues facing shark conservation, yet increasingly studies suggest that such activity may negatively influence aspects of shark ecology and so further pressure declining populations. Here we combine UAV videography with deep learning algorithms, multivariate statistics and hidden Markov models (HMM) to quantitatively investigate the behavioural consequences of ecotourism in the whale shark (Rhincodon typus)...
September 7, 2023: Scientific Reports
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vincent Nijman
Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing, including that of sharks, poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems and individual species. I use data from the media, tourists, and artisan fishermen to gain insight into the trade in the world's largest fish, the whale shark ( Rhincodon typus ). I focus on the Indonesian island of Java where, along its south coast, whale sharks are landed and butchered on the beach in view of hundreds of people and local media. Whale sharks are typically caught in fishing nets and dragged alongside boats to the shallows, where they are butchered...
August 17, 2023: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kazuaki Yamaguchi, Yoshinobu Uno, Mitsutaka Kadota, Osamu Nishimura, Ryo Nozu, Kiyomi Murakumo, Rui Matsumoto, Keiichi Sato, Shigehiro Kuraku
Genomic studies of vertebrate chromosome evolution have long been hindered by the scarcity of chromosome-scale DNA sequences of some key taxa. One of those limiting taxa has been the elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), which harbor species often with numerous chromosomes and enlarged genomes. Here, we report the chromosome-scale genome assembly for the zebra shark Stegostoma tigrinum , an endangered species that has a relatively small genome among sharks (3.71 Gb), as well as for the whale shark Rhincodon typus Our analysis employing a male-female comparison identified an X Chromosome, the first genomically characterized shark sex chromosome...
August 17, 2023: Genome Research
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jessica Dutton, Jessica C Hobbs, Shoou-Jeng Joung, Jennifer V Schmidt
Mercury (Hg) is known to be maternally transferred during embryonic development in sharks; however, Hg concentrations in embryos of filter feeding shark species have not previously been reported. This study measured the total Hg (THg) concentration in muscle tissue of 27 embryos taken from a pregnant whale shark (Rhincodon typus) landed in Taiwan in 1995 and the mean THg concentration compared to the mean muscle THg concentration in embryos from other shark species. The mean (± standard deviation) THg concentration in whale shark embryos was 0...
August 11, 2023: Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael P Doane, Michael B Reed, Jody McKerral, Laís Farias Oliveira Lima, Megan Morris, Asha Z Goodman, Shaili Johri, Bhavya Papudeshi, Taylor Dillon, Abigail C Turnlund, Meredith Peterson, Maria Mora, Rafael de la Parra Venegas, Richard Pillans, Christoph A Rohner, Simon J Pierce, Christine G Legaspi, Gonzalo Araujo, Deni Ramirez-Macias, Robert A Edwards, Elizabeth A Dinsdale
Microbiomes confer beneficial physiological traits to their host, but microbial diversity is inherently variable, challenging the relationship between microbes and their contribution to host health. Here, we compare the diversity and architectural complexity of the epidermal microbiome from 74 individual whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) across five aggregations globally to determine if network properties may be more indicative of the microbiome-host relationship. On the premise that microbes are expected to exhibit biogeographic patterns globally and that distantly related microbial groups can perform similar functions, we hypothesized that microbiome co-occurrence patterns would occur independently of diversity trends and that keystone microbes would vary across locations...
August 7, 2023: Scientific Reports
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongmin Chen, Zhuo Wang, Di Wu, Heming Jia, Changsheng Wen, Honghua Rao, Laith Abualigah
This paper presents an improved beluga whale optimization (IBWO) algorithm, which is mainly used to solve global optimization problems and engineering problems. This improvement is proposed to solve the imbalance between exploration and exploitation and to solve the problem of insufficient convergence accuracy and speed of beluga whale optimization (BWO). In IBWO, we use a new group action strategy (GAS), which replaces the exploration phase in BWO. It was inspired by the group hunting behavior of beluga whales in nature...
June 9, 2023: Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering: MBE
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jorge Fontes, Gloria Castellano-González, Bruno C L Macena, Pedro Afonso
We investigated, for the first time, the hitchhiker-host fidelity of deep-diving whale sharks and Chilean devil rays. We found that two of the most ubiquitous oceanic hitchhikers, the common remora and the pilot fish, are able to follow their hosts to bathypelagic depths, where they are exposed to extreme gradients of light, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pressure. We documented a deep dive of a large whale shark hosting remoras and pilot fish. Common remora was observed at the deepest section of the dive, at 1460 m, where the water temperature was 3...
May 2023: Ecology and Evolution
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matteo Galli, Tabata Olavarrieta Garcia, Matteo Baini, Jorge Urbán R, Deni Ramírez-Macías, Lorena Viloria-Gómora, Cristina Panti, Tania Martellini, Alessandra Cincinelli, Maria Cristina Fossi
The impacts of microplastics on filter feeders megafauna have recently received increased attention. These organisms are potentially exposed to plastic ingestion and the release of added/sorbed contaminants during feeding activities. An assessment of microplastic abundance and the chemical impact of Phthalates esters (PAEs) were performed in neustonic samples and skin biopsies of Balaenoptera physalus and Rhincodon typus inhabiting the Gulf of California (Mexico). Sixty-eight percent of the net tows contained plastics with a maximum of 0...
May 24, 2023: Marine Pollution Bulletin
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Darren A Whitehead, Joel Gayford
Despite being the world's largest fish, many questions remain regarding the ecology and behaviour of the whale shark (Rhincodon typus). We present the first direct evidence of whale sharks engaging in bottom-feeding behaviour and provide potential explanations for this foraging strategy. We suggest that whale sharks actively feed upon benthic prey, either predominantly in deepwater environments or where the abundance of such prey exceeds that of planktonic food sources. We also highlight the potential for ecotourism and citizen science projects to contribute to our understanding of marine megafauna behavioural ecology...
May 21, 2023: Journal of Fish Biology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brianne E Hoglin, Marin V Miner, Ugumuur Erbenebayar, Ciaran A Shaughnessy, Robert M Dores
To understand the mechanism for activation of the melanocortin-2 receptor (Mc2r) of the elasmobranch, Rhincodon typus (whale shark; ws), wsmc2r was co-expressed with wsmrap1 in CHO cells, and the transfected cells were stimulated with alanine-substituted analogs of ACTH(1-24) at the "message" motif (H6 F7 R8 W9 ) and the "address" motif (K15 K16 R17 R18 P19 ). Complete alanine substitution of the H6 F7 R8 W9 motif blocked activation, whereas single alanine substitution at this motif indicated the following hierarchy of position importance for activation: W9 >R8 , and substitution at F7 and H6 had no effect on activation...
March 28, 2023: General and Comparative Endocrinology
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Whale shark rhodopsin adapted to deep-sea lifestyle by a substitution associated with human disease.
Kazuaki Yamaguchi, Mitsumasa Koyanagi, Keiichi Sato, Akihisa Terakita, Shigehiro Kuraku
Spectral tuning of visual pigments often facilitates adaptation to new environments, and it is intriguing to study the visual ecology of pelagic sharks with secondarily expanded habitats. The whale shark, which dives into the deep sea of nearly 2,000 meters besides near-surface filter feeding, was previously shown to possess the 'blue-shifted' rhodopsin (RHO), which is a signature of deep-sea adaptation. In this study, our spectroscopy of recombinant whale shark RHO mutants revealed that this blue shift is caused dominantly by an unprecedented spectral tuning site 94...
March 28, 2023: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Taketeru Tomita, Kiyomi Murakumo, Rui Matsumoto
Shark intestine presents a complicated three-dimensional morphology, characterized by the development of a coiled internal septum. A basic question regarding the intestine is its movement. This lack of knowledge has prevented the testing of the hypothesis on its functional morphology. The present study, to our knowledge, for the first time, visualized the intestinal movement of three captive sharks using an "underwater ultrasound" system. The results indicated that the movement of the shark intestine involved strong twisting...
February 10, 2023: Zoology: Analysis of Complex Systems, ZACS
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alison V Towner, Alison A Kock, Christiaan Stopforth, David Hurwitz, Simon H Elwen
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
October 3, 2022: Ecology
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