Imaging patient selection

PURPOSE: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) demonstrated a treatment effect of endovascular thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke with large infarct, commonly defined as an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) of 3-5. However, data on endovascular thrombectomy in patients with very low ASPECTS of 0-2 remain scarce. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs comparing endovascular thrombectomy versus medical treatment alone in acute ischemic anterior circulation stroke with very large infarct, defined as ASPECTS of 0-2...

BACKGROUND: The use of dental implants in the treatment of edentulous patients is increasing. Zirconia implants are an alternative to titanium implants, offering advantages in terms of aesthetics and biological compatibility. However, the number of artifacts observed on radiographic images with zirconia implants compared to titanium implants is yet to be determined. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) parameters on the production of artifacts in zirconia and titanium implants...

INTRODUCTION: The perioperative management of biliary disease (BD) is variable across institutions with suboptimal outcomes for patients and health care systems. This results in inefficient utilization of limited resources. The aim of the current study was to identify modifiable factors impacting patients' time to theater, intraoperative time, and time to discharge as the constituents of length of stay to guide creation of a perioperative management protocol to address this variability...

Background: There is controversy about whether intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) should be performed routinely during laparoscopic cholecystectomy for patients with acute biliary pancreatitis, given significant false positive and negative rates and increased resource utilization. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of IOC in cases of mild biliary pancreatitis in patients undergoing index admission cholecystectomy, its impact on patient outcomes, and the impact of blood tests, imaging, and preoperative intervention on the detection of choledocholithiasis...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: To identify individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) or "at-risk" MASH among patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), three noninvasive models are available with satisfactory efficiency, which include magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]- AST (MAST), FibroScan-AST (FAST score), and magnetic resonance elastography [MRE] plus FIB-4 (MEFIB). We aimed to evaluate the most accurate approach for diagnosing MASH or "at-risk" MASH...

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to create a nomogram using routine parameters to predict leptomeningeal metastases (LMs) in advanced lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) patients to prevent needless exams or lumbar punctures and to assist in accurately diagnosing LMs. METHODS: Two hundred and seventy-three patients with LMs and brain metastases were retrospectively reviewed and divided into derivation (n = 191) and validation (n = 82) cohorts using a 3:7 random allocation...

OBJECTIVE: Obtaining automated, objective 3-dimensional (3D) models of the Eustachian tube (ET) and the internal carotid artery (ICA) from computed tomography (CT) scans could provide useful navigational and diagnostic information for ET pathologies and interventions. We aim to develop a deep learning (DL) pipeline to automatically segment the ET and ICA and use these segmentations to compute distances between these structures. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort...

Objective: To explore strategies for preserving facial nerve function during surgeries for rare tumors of the internal auditory canal. Methods: A total of 235 cases of internal auditory canal tumors treated between 2010 and 2023 were included, encompassing vestibular schwannomas, cavernous hemangiomas, meningiomas, and other rare tumors. Various data, including clinical presentations, imaging classifications, and treatment processes, were meticulously analyzed to delineate the characteristics of rare tumors and assess pre-and postoperative facial nerve function...

Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive form of primary brain tumor, poses significant challenges to patients, caregivers, and clinicians alike. Pediatric glioblastoma is a rare and aggressive brain tumor that presents unique challenges in treatment. It differs from its adult counterpart in terms of genetic and molecular characteristics. Its incidence is relatively low, but the prognosis remains grim due to its aggressive behavior. Diagnosis relies on imaging techniques and histopathological analysis. The rarity of the disease underscores the need for effective treatment strategies...

Background Diabetes has become an epidemic, significantly impacting ocular health as one of its end-organ responses. Among the various ocular complications, alterations in corneal morphology stand out. Central corneal thickness (CCT) and endothelial cell function are vital parameters in assessing intraocular pressure, conducting pre-refractive surgery evaluations, and maintaining corneal transparency. Understanding these changes in diabetic individuals compared to non-diabetics is crucial for managing ocular health in this population...

INTRODUCTION: The adipokines leptin and adiponectin have been associated with atherosclerosis and the risk of cerebral infarcts. Pre-clinical studies, however, suggest a protective role against ischemic brain damage. In this study we analyzed the relationship between serum leptin and adiponectin levels and the onset or progression of brain infarcts in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: All data were extracted from the ADNI database...

BACKGROUND: Occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) is an essential prognostic factor for early-stage tongue cancer (cT1-2N0M0) and a determinant of treatment decisions. Therefore, accurate prediction of OLNM can significantly impact the clinical management and outcomes of patients with tongue cancer. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a multiomics-based model to predict OLNM in patients with early-stage tongue cancer. METHODS: The data of 125 patients diagnosed with early-stage tongue cancer (cT1-2N0M0) who underwent primary surgical treatment and elective neck dissection were retrospectively analyzed...

PURPOSE: The Avoid Axillary Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy (ASLAN) trial aims to demonstrate the oncologic safety of omitting axillary surgery in patients with excellent response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for early human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive (+)/triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) who have undergone breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and adjuvant radiotherapy. The ASLAN trial will provide crucial information that could change the procedure in highly selected patients undergoing axillary surgery after NACT...

BACKGROUND: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) refers to any symptomatic deviation from normal menstruation. AUB is a common gynecological disorder in non-pregnant women of reproductive age, accounting for approximately 33% of gynecological outpatient visits. The early diagnosis and management cause of AUB is important because of increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma with rapid growth. Transvaginal ultrasound is non-invasive imaging technique used to find endometrial carcinoma before referring patients for invasive techniques...

BACKGROUND: Brain injury and poor neurodevelopment have consistently been reported in infants and adults born preterm. These changes occur at least in part prenatally and are associated with intra-amniotic inflammation. The pattern of brain changes has been partially documented by magnetic resonance imaging but not with neurosonography in combination with amniotic fluid brain injury biomarkers. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prenatal features of brain remodeling and injury in fetuses from patients with preterm labor with intact membranes or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and to investigate the potential influence of intra-amniotic inflammation as a mediator of risk...

BACKGROUND: For patients with complete breast resection, conventional contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging (CE-T1WI) with frequency-selective spectral attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR) provides limited fat suppression on the postoperative side due to the uneven skin surface, inhomogeneous tissue environment, and frequency-selective feature of the SPAIR scheme, leading to difficulties in precise diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the image quality and performance of the Dixon method compared with SPAIR in breast high-resolution CE-T1WI for mastectomy patients...

Despite advancements in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, the prognosis remains unfavorable for patients with distant liver metastasis. Fluorescence molecular imaging with specific probes is increasingly used to guide CRC surgical resection in real-time and treatment planning. Here, we demonstrate the targeted imaging capacity of an MPA-PEG4 -N3 -Ang II probe labeled with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye targeting the angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AGTR1) that is significantly upregulated in CRC...

BACKGROUND: Measurement of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a potentially useful diagnostic test for asthma. However, no study has explored the relationship between FeNO and respiratory symptoms of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) complicated with asthma. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of measuring FeNO levels in patients with NTM-PD complicated by asthma. METHODS: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, 140 NTM-PD patients with FeNO measured were enrolled...

Patient 1 was a 70-year-old woman with refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma who received allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from an HLA-haploidentical related donor. Upper back pain appeared on day63, and Th8-Th9 pyogenic spondylitis was diagnosed based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Blood culture on day14 identified Corynebacterium striatum as the causative bacteria of blood stream infection (BSI). The pyogenic spondylitis resolved after treatment with daptomycin for 2 months. Patient 2 was a 65-year-old man with relapsed angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma who received bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-DR single-antigen-mismatched unrelated donor...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes in liver and kidney function, red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin (HGB) levels in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (UPMWA) for uterine fibroids on postoperative day 1. METHODS: The changes in liver and kidney function, RBC count and HGB levels in 181 patients who underwent selective UPMWA in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China, between August 2017 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed...