Evidence synthesis

Photoassisted catalysis using Ni complexes is an emerging field for cross-coupling reactions in organic synthesis. However, the mechanism by which light enables and enhances the reactivity of these complexes often remains elusive. Although optical techniques have been widely used to study the ground and excited states of photocatalysts, they lack the specificity to interrogate the electronic and structural changes at specific atoms. Herein, we report metal-specific studies using transient Ni L- and K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy of a prototypical Ni photocatalyst, (dtbbpy)Ni( o -tol)Cl (dtb = 4,4'-di- tert -butyl, bpy = bipyridine, o -tol = ortho -tolyl), in solution...

This study elucidated the mechanism of formation of a tripartite complex containing daptomycin (Dap), lipid II, and phospholipid phosphatidylglycerol in the bacterial septum membrane, which was previously reported as the cause of the antibacterial action of Dap against gram-positive bacteria via molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling methods. Others have suggested that this transient complex ushers in the inhibition of cell wall synthesis by obstructing the downstream polymerization and cross-linking processes involving lipid II, which is absent in the presence of cardiolipin lipid in the membrane...

Described herein is the development of a visible-light-induced photoredox 1,6-enyne reductive cyclization via selective reduction of a triple bond instead of an activated double bond. The selective 1,6-enyne radical cyclization/carbon═carbon double bond cleavage provided a straightforward route to structurally valuable α , β -unsaturated γ-lactams. TEMPO-trap experiments, control experiments, and DFT calculations have offered evidence supporting the possible catalytic cycle.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this paper are to (a) explore stakeholders' opinions regarding Nepal's existing medicines pricing practices/situation and (b) build and present a set of medicines pricing policies for Nepal. METHODS: A review of the literature and field visits to community retail pharmacies, hospital pharmacies, wholesalers, and distributor outlets in Kathmandu were conducted to assess the medicines pricing situation. Following the literature review, preliminary meetings with stakeholders and field visits were held and a draft interview guide was prepared...

Shock is a critical condition characterized by inadequate tissue perfusion, leading to cellular hypoxia and organ dysfunction. Early and accurate assessment is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. Echocardiography has emerged as a vital tool in the assessment of shock, offering real-time visualization of cardiac anatomy, function, and hemodynamics. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the role of echocardiography in shock assessment by providing an overview of its principles, techniques, and clinical applications...

Terpenoids are important contributors to the aroma of grapes and wines. Grapes contain terpenoids in both volatile free form and non-volatile glycosidic form, with the latter being more abundant. Glycosylated terpenoids are deemed as latent aromatic potentials for their essential role in adding to the flowery and fruity bouquet of wines. However, the transcriptional regulatory mechanism underlying glycosylated terpenoid biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Our prior study identified an AP2/ERF transcription factor, VviERF003, through DNA pull-down screening using the promoter of terpenoid glycosyltransferase VviGT14 gene...

Regarding skeletal muscle hypertrophy, resistance training and nutrition, the most often discussed and proposed supplements include proteins. Although, the correct amount, quality, and daily distribution of proteins is of paramount importance for skeletal muscle hypertrophy, there are many other nutritional supplements that can help and support the physiological response of skeletal muscle to resistance training in terms of muscle hypertrophy. A healthy muscle environment and a correct whole muscle metabolism response to the stress of training is a prerequisite for the increase in muscle protein synthesis and, therefore, muscle hypertrophy...

Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent metabolic disease characterized by low systemic bone mass and deterioration of bone microarchitecture, resulting in reduced bone strength and increased fracture risk. Current treatment options for osteoporosis are limited by factors such as efficacy, cost, availability, side effects, and acceptability to patients. Gold nanoparticles show promise as an emerging osteoporosis therapy due to their osteogenic effects and ability to allow therapeutic delivery but have inherent constraints, such as low specificity and the potential for heavy metal accumulation in the body...

BACKGROUND: Independent of physical activity, sedentary behavior has emerged as a significant risk factor for health. Particularly, older adults spent as high as 13 h daily on sedentary activities, which account for 98% of their awake times. Although there is growing evidence revealing the potential association between sedentary behavior and urinary incontinence (UI) across populations of different ages, the relationship between sedentary behavior and urinary symptoms in older women, who are twice as likely to have UI than older men, has not been reviewed...

PURPOSE: This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to support young workers' work environment, safety and health. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted in bibliographic databases including PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection and PsycInfo for English or Scandinavian articles published from 2007 to 2022. The PICO strategy guided the assessment of study relevance and the bibliographical search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs in which (1) participants were young workers (mean age: 15-29), (2) interventions were initiated and/or carried out at the workplace, (3) a comparison group was included, and (4) an outcome measure related to work environment, safety and health was reported...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are vital contributors to the growth, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance of various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the exact phenotype of TAMs and the mechanisms underlying their modulation for therapeutic purposes have not been determined. Here, we present compelling evidence that glutamine-derived aspartate in TAMs stimulates spermidine production through the polyamine synthesis pathway, thereby increasing the translation efficiency of HIF-1α via eIF5A hypusination...

Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) is known as a chemical gas in nature with both enzymatic and non-enzymatic biosynthesis in different human organs. A couple of studies have demonstrated the function of H2 S in regulating the homeostasis of the human body. Additionally, they have shown its synthesis, measurement, chemistry, protective effects, and interaction in various aspects of scientific evidence. Furthermore, many researches have demonstrated the beneficial impacts of H2 S on genital organs and systems. According to various studies, it is recognized that H2 S-producing enzymes and the endogenous production of H2 S are expressed in male and female reproductive systems in different mammalian species...

BACKGROUND/AIM: The integration of AI and natural language processing technologies, such as ChatGPT, into surgical practice has shown promising potential in enhancing various aspects of abdominopelvic surgical procedures. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the current state of research on the applications and impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and ChatGPT in abdominopelvic surgery summarizing existing literature towards providing a comprehensive overview of the diverse applications, effectiveness, challenges, and future directions of these innovative technologies...

AIMS: The aims of this study were to identify and evaluate the current literature examining the prognostic factors which are associated with failure of total elbow arthroplasty (TEA). METHODS: Electronic literature searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane. All studies reporting prognostic estimates for factors associated with the revision of a primary TEA were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality In Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool, and the quality of evidence was assessed using the modified Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework...

In recent decades, healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) have become a common problem in healthcare facilities such as hospitals. As a result, researchers are currently developing nanocomposite coatings that are strengthened with antibacterial nanoparticles. In this research, a novel antibacterial bionanocomposite coating based on carboxymethyl cellulose polymer/copper oxide nanoparticles/carbon quantum dots was coated on medical grade 316 stainless steel by sol-gel dip-coating method. The effect of the concentration of nanocomposite components was investigated at four different levels to determine the best ratio with the most antibacterial activity...

BACKGROUND: Digital health interventions (DHIs) have shown promising results in enhancing the management of heart failure (HF). Although health care interventions are increasingly being delivered digitally, with growing evidence on the potential cost-effectiveness of adopting them, there has been little effort to collate and synthesize the findings. OBJECTIVE: This study's objective was to systematically review the economic evaluations that assess the adoption of DHIs in the management and treatment of HF...

Multiple-phase disordered zeolites, i.e., intergrowth zeolites, are important industrial catalysts, like single-phase ordered zeolites, but little is known about their rational synthesis and phase competition, mainly due to current poor understanding of the zeolite crystallization mechanism. Here, we theoretically demonstrated that sodalite and cancrinite cage layers, the periodic building units (PerBUs) of FAU/EMT and SBT/SBS structures, respectively, could be nondefectively connected to each other across double rings of 6 tetrahedral atoms when inverted and mirrored...

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain whether manipulating contextual effects (e.g. interaction with patients, or beliefs about treatments) boosted the outcomes of non-pharmacological and non-surgicaltreatments for chronic primary musculoskeletal pain. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: We searched for trials in six databases, citation tracking, and clinical trials registers. We included trials that compared treatments with enhanced contextual effects with the same treatments without enhancement in adults with chronic primary musculoskeletal pain...

Swarming motility in pseudomonads typically requires both a functional flagellum and the production/secretion of a biosurfactant. Published work has shown that the wild-type Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1 is swarming deficient due to a point mutation in the gacA gene, which until recently was thought to inactivate rather than attenuate the Gac/Rsm pathway. As a result, little is known about the underlying mechanisms that regulate swarming motility by P. fluorescens Pf0-1. Here, we demonstrate that a Δ rsmA Δ rsmE Δ rsmI mutant, which phenotypically mimics Gac/Rsm pathway overstimulation, is proficient at swarming motility...

The NLRP3 inflammasome has been recognized as a promising therapeutic target in drug discovery for inflammatory diseases. Our initial research identified a natural sesquiterpene isoalantolactone (IAL) as the active scaffold targeting NLRP3 inflammasome. To improve its activity and metabolic stability, a total of 64 IAL derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 49 emerged as the optimal lead, displaying the most potent inhibitory efficacy on nigericin-induced IL-1β release in THP-1 cells, with an IC50 value of 0...