Pediatric residency

IMPORTANCE: Bronchiolitis is the most common and most cumulatively expensive condition in pediatric hospital care. Few population-based studies have examined health inequalities in bronchiolitis outcomes over time. OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in bronchiolitis-related emergency department (ED) visit and hospitalization rates by sociodemographic factors in a universally funded health care system. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This repeated cross-sectional cohort study was performed from April 1, 2004, to March 31, 2022, using population-based health administrative data from children younger than 2 years in Ontario, Canada...

INTRODUCTION: Radiation oncology is a pivotal modality in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. To enable state-of-the-art patient care, structured education during residency is essential. However, given the lack of detailed data, the scope of educational opportunities available to trainees remains elusive. This prompted our group to perform a national survey amongst radiation oncology residents in Germany assessing the status quo of competences in the treatment of lymphoma and leukemia patients...

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a global pandemic that dramatically altered infection control procedures in long-term care facilities. Mental health decline among residents of geriatric facilities during the pandemic has been described (Ferro Uriguen et al., 2022). Our study aims to evaluate psychological effects of the pandemic on residents of a pediatric long-term care facility, a population comprised of medically complex children. To characterize this, we compared patterns of psychotropic medication use during the COVID-19 pandemic to those of the prepandemic period among residents of a 76-bed pediatric long-term care facility...

Introduction: The implementation of competency-based residency training in plastic surgery is underway. Key competencies in plastic surgery have been previously identified, however, within the domain of pediatrics, data suggest limited exposure throughout training for Canadian graduates. This study aims to identify the exposure and involvement of residents in core pediatric cases. Methods: We performed a retrospective, multicenter review of plastic surgery resident case logs (T-Res, POWER, New Innovations) across 10 Canadian, English-speaking training programs between 2004 and 2014...

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is primarily acquired in childhood and is notably influenced by socioeconomic variances across different geographical regions. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Slovenian children and to identify potential risk factors that facilitate the infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2019 and 2022, we conducted a multi-center prospective cross-sectional study among healthy children residing in three different administrative regions in Slovenia...

Medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma are the two most common pediatric brain tumors with overlapping imaging features. In this proof-of-concept study, we investigated using a deep learning classifier trained on a multicenter data set to differentiate these tumor types. We developed a patch-based 3D-DenseNet classifier, utilizing automated tumor segmentation. Given the heterogeneity of imaging data (and available sequences), we used all individually available preoperative imaging sequences to make the model robust to varying input...

Malnutrition among in-school children is a complex issue influenced by socio-economic, environmental, and health-related factors, posing significant challenges to their well-being and educational trajectories in developing countries. This review synthesized evidence on the multifaceted aspects of child malnutrition within the educational setting in developing countries. This review followed the six steps outlined by Arksey and O'Malley's framework. Four main databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, JSTOR, and Scopus) were searched...

Purpose : Breastfeeding provides optimal growth and development for infants. Lactating mothers may have challenges maintaining breastfeeding, and one of those challenges is being falsely advised to interrupt breastfeeding following radiologic studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding breastfeeding after radiological imaging studies on lactating mothers. Method : In this cross-sectional study, an online survey consisting of 29 semi-structured questions was delivered to radiology technicians and physicians in radiology and pediatrics via social media...

This study was conducted to identify the digital addiction levels of secondary school students in Northern Cyprus and the factors affecting them. The study was a descriptive, cross-sectional and methodological study. In this study, seven primary and secondary schools were selected randomly in Northern Cyprus and a total of 844 students were included in the study. The children scored 48.12 ± 17.46 points on the "Digital Addiction Scale for Children". Gender, economic status, age, reasons for using the internet, own cell phone, duration of cell phone and computer use, own computer, mother's education and place of residence significantly affected the children's digital addiction level ( p < 0...

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 vaccines are authorized for use in children in the United States; real-world assessment of vaccine effectiveness in children is needed. This study's objective was to estimate the effectiveness of receiving a complete primary series of monovalent BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) COVID-19 vaccine in US children. METHODS: This cohort study identified children aged 5-17 years vaccinated with BNT162b2 matched with unvaccinated children. Participants and BNT162b2 vaccinations were identified in Optum and CVS Health insurance administrative claims databases linked with Immunization Information System (IIS) COVID-19 vaccination records from 16 US jurisdictions between December 11, 2020, and May 31, 2022 (end date varied by database and IIS)...

BACKGROUND: The Oberg-Manske-Tonkin (OMT) classification established excellent reliability scores in several validation studies. However, one study published in 2022 found much lower scores in a subanalysis of their sample when very simple anomalies were excluded. Our study assessed the reliability of the OMT among physicians with a different background, all involved in congenital hand anomaly care, and analyzed codes with less agreement. Time required for classification was recorded to give an indication on its usability...

Purpose: To evaluate the noise levels recorded in a hospital-based pediatric dental clinic and evaluate the occupational exposure personnel have to potentially hazardous levels of noise. Methods: A SoundAdvisor™ Sound Level Meter Model 831C was used to gather 19 days of background sound data (equivalent continuous sound levels, measured as LAeq) in the open bay, quiet room, sedation suite, and operating room settings. A Spartan™ Wireless Noise Dosimeter Model 730 (Larson Davis) was utilized to capture data about personal noise exposure of pediatric dental residents over 81 clinic sessions...

Purpose: To acquire comments on pediatric dentistry entrustable professional activities (EPAs) from pediatric dentistry residency program directors (PDs). Methods: An electronic survey invited PDs to evaluate 16 previously developed EPAs on whether they were critical to patient safety, resident education, or both. PDs were asked to evaluate a fully developed EPA to assess structure and clarity and describe barriers to EPA. Descriptive statistics were completed. Results: Forty-one of 103 PDs completed the entire survey...

OBJECTIVE: We sought to establish core knowledge topics and skills that are important to teach pediatric residents using simulation-based medical education (SBME). METHODS: We conducted a modified Delphi process with experts in pediatric SBME. Content items were adapted from the American Board of Pediatrics certifying exam content and curricular components from pediatric entrustable professional activities (EPAs). In round 1, participants rated 158 items using a four-point Likert scale of importance to teach through simulation in pediatric residency...

BACKGROUND: The majority of the estimated 50 to 100 million children living with disability worldwide reside in low- or middle-income countries. As families migrate to avoid humanitarian crises, children with developmental disability and delay warrant particular attention in refugee and international health settings. During transitions, medical documentation may be lost and diagnoses may not be fully understood, contributing to the challenges of determining etiologies of motor impairment...

OBJECTIVE: The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been proven effective in preventing HPV-related cancer. However, vaccination uptake in the United States remains unacceptably low. The aim of this study is to determine whether residents' HPV vaccination status, demographics, or residency training setting are predictive of vaccination prescribing practices. METHODS: This was an anonymous, IRB-approved, opt-in survey of OBGYN, Family Medicine, and Pediatric residents...

Background. Outcomes that should be measured during diabetic ketoacidosis management is crucial. However, data associated to this was limited in Ethiopia. Methods . A cross-sectional study was conducted among children with diabetic keto acidosis between 2016 and 2021.Data were stored in Epi-data version 4.6 and exported into STATA 14.0 software for analysis. The association between independent variables and length of hospital stay was assessed using binary logistic regression. Finally, variables with P -value <...

BACKGROUND: Dietary and oral hygiene habits among integrated migrant cultural minorities can vary and could impact susceptibility to caries. AIM: This study aimed to assess and compare the oral health status of Tibetan schoolchildren living in the Tibetan settlement of Bylakuppe, India, stratified by type of residence. DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among Tibetan schoolchildren attending nine schools in the Bylakuppe region...

OBJECTIVE: Tonsillectomy is essentially a solo surgery with a well-described complication profile. It may serve as a good benchmark to evaluate the resident-as-surgeon. This study examined complications such as post-tonsillectomy bleeding in children undergoing tonsillectomy by attending surgeons (AS) or pediatric otolaryngologist-supervised residents. METHODS: Charts were reviewed of all children aged 12 and under who had tonsillectomy +/- adenoidectomy at a children's hospital between Jan 2019 and Dec 2020...

Background: Overnight radiology coverage for pediatric trauma patients (PTPs) is addressed with a combination of on-call radiology residents (RRs) and/or attending teleradiologists (ATs); however, the accuracy of these two groups has not been investigated for PTPs. We aimed to compare the accuracy of RRs vs AT interpretations of computed tomography (CT) scans for PTPs. Methods: Pediatric trauma patients (<18 years old) at a single level-I adult/level-II pediatric trauma center were studied in a retrospective analysis (3/2019-5/2020)...