SDH

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSH) refers to intracranial hemorrhages frequently caused by minor head trauma and is mostly seen in middle and advanced age. One of the hypotheses regarding the development of CSH is that the inflammatory cascade plays a pivotal role in this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The inclusion criteria covered patients in all ages who were diagnosed as CSH by computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging and treated by surgical intervention in our clinic between 2018 and 2020...

Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is one of the most prevalent neurosurgical diseases, especially in the elderly. Yet, its incidence is predicted to increase further, paralleling the growth of the geriatric population. While surgical evacuation is technically straightforward, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In fact, 30% of patients are expected to have hematoma recurrence and to need repeat surgical evacuation, and 20% of patients are expected to lose independence and require long-term care...

We herein report a case of acute subdural hematoma caused by hemorrhagic falx meningioma. The patient was a 64-year-old woman with no significant medical history or prior history of trauma. She experienced a sudden onset of headache and weakness in her extremities. Computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass lesion with intratumoral hemorrhage or faint calcification along the left side of the fronto-parietal cerebral falx. There was also a linear lesion at the left side of the falx, suggesting acute subdural hematoma...

This case study analyzes the effectiveness of physiotherapy in the treatment of a female patient, aged 65 years, with hypertension who had a history of subdural hematoma (SDH) secondary to a distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysm rupture. For that, she underwent DACA aneurysm clipping surgery and developed a disability on the right side of her body. The patient had diminished functional independence, weak muscles, and restricted mobility when she first arrived. A thorough physiotherapy program was developed with the goals of increasing mobility, building independence in daily living tasks, and improving motor function...

Fusarium solani is a pathogenic fungus that causes significant harm, leading to crop yield reduction, fruit quality reduction, postharvest decay, and other diseases. This study used potato glycoside alkaloids (PGA) as inhibitors to investigate their effects on the mitochondrial structure and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle pathway of F. solani . The results showed that PGA could inhibit the colony growth of F. solani (54.49%), resulting in the disappearance of the mitochondrial membrane and the loss of contents...

BACKGROUND: There are current clinical observations that atorvastatin may promote subdural hematoma resorption. We aimed to assess the causal effects of lipid-lowering agents 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase ( HMGCR ) inhibitors, Proproteinconvertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 ( PCSK9 ) inhibitors and Niemann-Pick C1-like protein 1 ( NPC1L1 ) inhibitors on traumatic subdural hematomas. METHODS: We used genetic instruments to proxy lipid-lowering drug exposure, with genetic instruments being genetic variants within or near low-density lipoprotein (LDL cholesterol)-associated drug target genes...

Ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is the paradoxical consequence of the rapid restoration of blood flow to an ischaemic organ. Although reperfusion is essential for tissue survival in conditions such as myocardial infarction and stroke, the excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon reperfusion initiates the oxidative damage that underlies IR injury, by causing cell death and inflammation. This ROS production is caused by an accumulation of the mitochondrial metabolite succinate during ischaemia, followed by its rapid oxidation upon reperfusion by succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), driving superoxide production at complex I by reverse electron transport...

Background and Objectives: In recent years, electronic scooters (e-scooters) have gained popularity, whether for private use or as a publicly available transportation method. With the introduction of these vehicles, reports of e-scooter-related accidents have surged, sparking public debate and concern. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological data, characteristics, and severity of traumatic brain injury (TBI) related to e-scooter accidents. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case series evaluated patients who were admitted to the three largest neurosurgery clinics in Riga, Latvia, from the time period of April to October in two separate years-2022 and 2023-after e-scooter-related accidents...

The number of elderly patients with chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) is increasing worldwide; however, there is limited data regarding the clinical outcomes in this population. Our therapeutic method using burr hole evacuation for CSDH is based on the hematoma characteristics, using simple drainage for single-layer lesions and drainage with irrigation for multiple-layer lesions. This study aimed to compare the postoperative outcomes of elderly and younger patients, identify the predictors of outcomes in elderly patients, and verify the validity of our therapeutic methods...

Pyrenophora teres f. teres ( Ptt ) is a severe pathogen to spring barley in Northern Europe. Ptt with relevant mutations in fungicide target proteins, sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51A), cytochrome b (Cyt b), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) would put efficient disease control at risk. In the growing seasons of 2021 and 2022, 193 Ptt isolates from Estonia were analysed. In this study, mutation detection and in vitro fungicide sensitivity assays of single-spore isolates were carried out. Reduced sensitivity phenotype to mefentrifluconazole was evident in Ptt isolates with a F489L mutation in CYP51A or with 129 bp insert in the Cyp51A gene-promoter region...

Ammonia is a major water quality factor influencing the survival and health of shrimp, among which the gill is the main effector organ for ammonia toxicity. In this study, we chose two types of Litopenaeus vannamei that were cultured in 30‱ seawater and domesticated in 3‱ low salinity, respectively, and then separately subjected to ammonia stress for 14 days under seawater and low-salinity conditions, of which the 3‱ low salinity-cultured shrimp were domesticated from the shrimp cultured in 30‱ seawater after 27 days of gradual salinity desalination...

A 70-year-old male without prior psychiatric history presented with recurrent episodes (<60 seconds each, every 5-10 minutes) of left hemibody and right lower extremity jerking movements concerning for seizure with preserved awareness (Video). Examination showed left hemiparesis (leg > arm) in addition to right lower extremity weakness. Computed tomography showed a right parafalcine acute subdural hematoma (SDH). Clinical events did not recur after intravenous lorazepam (4 mg) and levetiracetam load (3500 mg), and his weakness improved...

Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an integral component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and respiratory electron transport chain (ETC), targeted by succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs). Fusarium asiaticum is a prominent phytopathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat. Here, we characterized the functions of the FaSdhA, FaSdhB, FaSdhC1 , FaSdhC2 , and FaSdhD subunits. Deletion of FaSdhA , FaSdhB , or FaSdhD resulted in significant growth defects in F. asiaticum . The FaSdhC 1 or FaSdhC 2 deletion mutants exhibited substantial reductions in fungal growth, conidiation, virulence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS)...

Chronic subdural hematoma (c-SDH) is a frequent and serious neurological disease. It develops due to hemorrhage to the subdural space, mainly caused by head trauma. The middle meningeal artery (MMA) plays a critical role in the supply of blood to c-SDH. The decision on the type of treatment for c-SDH depends mainly on clinical and imaging evaluation. In cases in which patients are critically ill, the hematoma must be evacuated immediately. For this purpose, surgery is generally accepted as the mainstay of treatment...

BACKGROUND:  Abnormal motor posturing (AMP), exhibiting as decorticate, decerebrate, or opisthotonos, is regularly noticed among children and adults. OBJECTIVE:  This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the risk factors and outcome of posturing among severe head and brain injury subjects. METHODS:  Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and using MeSH terms: "decerebrate posturing", "opisthotonic posturing", "brain injury", and/or "cerebral injury" articles were searched on Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and google scholar databases...

We aimed to investigate the relationship between superoxide dismutase 2-related oxidative stress in the paraspinal muscles and spinal alignment, clinical skeletal muscle parameters, and mitochondrial function. Multifidus muscle samples from patients who underwent posterior lumbar surgery were analyzed. Patients with diseases affecting oxidative stress and spinal alignment were excluded. The superoxide dismutase 2 redox index was defined as the ratio of reactive oxygen species (superoxide) to antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase 2) and was used as an index of oxidative stress...

BACKGROUND: Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remain a challenging neurological diagnosis associated with significant morbidity and mortality. There is a plethora of microsurgical and endovascular techniques for the treatment of both ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. There is no definitive consensus as to the best treatment option for this cerebrovascular pathology. The Aneurysm, Arteriovenous Malformation, and Chronic Subdural Hematoma Roundtable Discussion With Industry and Stroke Experts discussed best practices and the most promising approaches to improve the management of brain aneurysms...

ARISE (Aneurysm/AVM/cSDH Roundtable Discussion With Industry and Stroke Experts) organized a one-and-a-half day meeting and workshop and brought together representatives from academia, industry, and government to discuss the most promising approaches to improve outcomes for patients with chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH). The emerging role of middle meningeal artery embolization in clinical practice and the design of current and potential future trials were the primary focuses of discussion. Existing evidence for imaging, indications, agents, and techniques was reviewed, and areas of priority for study and key questions surrounding the development of new and existing treatments for cSDH were identified...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is commonly managed through burr hole surgery. Routine follow-up using computed tomography (CT) imaging is frequently used at many institutions, contributing to significant radiation exposure. This study evaluates the feasibility, safety, and reliability of trans-burr hole sonography as an alternative postoperative imaging modality, aiming to reduce radiation exposure by decreasing the frequency of CT scans. METHODS: We conducted a prospective pilot study on 20 patients who underwent burr hole surgery for CSDH...

We previously showed that the transaminase inhibitor, aminooxyacetic acid, reduced respiration energized at complex II (succinate dehydrogenase, SDH) in mitochondria isolated from mouse hindlimb muscle. The effect required a reduction in membrane potential with resultant accumulation of oxaloacetate (OAA), a potent inhibitor of SDH. To specifically assess the effect of the mitochondrial transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT2) on complex II respiration and to determine the effect in intact cells as well as isolated mitochondria, we performed respiratory and metabolic studies in wildtype (WT) and CRISPR-generated GOT2 knockdown (KD) C2C12 myocytes...